商喜(15世纪),字惟吉,一说恒吉,生卒年不详。宣德时著名宫廷画家,官锦衣卫指挥。擅长山水、人物、花卉、走兽。传世作品有藏于故宫博物院的《明宣宗行乐图》轴与《关羽擒将图》轴,前图写宣宗朱瞻基游猎情形,人物具有肖像画特征,四周画山石树木、丛林建筑,场面浩大。画法工致细腻,笔法劲健。后图则色彩鲜明亮丽,有壁画效果。
商喜,字惟吉,是宣德时著名宫廷画家,官锦衣卫指挥。
明代宫廷绘画的历史,从明代建国伊始就已经开始,经过永乐、宣德、成化、弘治几朝,宫廷绘画达到了兴盛阶段,到嘉靖、万历以后,逐渐衰微。赵原、卓迪、周位、王仲玉等是初期院体画家的代表。宣德以后,宫廷画家不断增多,著名的有谢环、商喜、倪端、李在、石锐、周文靖等,他们的绘画,技艺全面,师法南宋“院体”,各有特点。
《关羽擒将图》是中国古代历史人物画中的一件精品,作者是明代的商喜。商喜,字惟吉,宣德中征入画院,授锦衣卫指挥。除人物外,兼擅山水、花鸟翎毛。清代王士祯《池北偶谈》载“京师外城西南隅圣安寺寺殿有商喜画壁”,“今大西天经盦殿壁龙神及大轴文殊普贤变相,亦喜笔。”据此看,壁画也是商喜的拿手好戏,此《关羽擒将图》虽绘于绢上,但具有壁画的许多特点,正可映证。
《关羽擒将图》描述的是三国时“水淹七军,活捉庞德”故事。画中的庞德虽然被擒,但心中不服,怒睁双目、咬紧钢牙、咆哮挣扎,几近全裸的身体正可表现庞德雄壮的体魄。二员裨将一按住庞德,一正加紧钉敲木桩以捆缚庞德--否则真难制服庞德。关平欲拔佩剑,周仓厉声喝斥,两人高度警惕,随时准备应付突发事件。而关羽相对轻松,坐于山石之上,正双手抱膝,身体略向前倾,美髯拂动,气宇轩昂,正注视着庞德的一举一动。
《四仙拱寿图》本图所绘皆为佛道人物,其中的故事情节为何,仍有待考。图中四位仙人凌波渡海,拱望寿星南极仙翁驾鹤淩空。其中趺坐在三脚蟾蜍上,似为全真教五祖之一的刘海蟾;脚踏拐杖、身系葫芦者为李铁拐;另外二人,一足踏竹帚;一足踏蕉叶,似为狂颠禅僧寒山、拾得。画中人物表情生动,如在对语。袖摆衣角随风翻飞,衣描线条顿折有力,而波波滚动的浪涛运用战笔描绘,更显得劲利壮阔,本幅笔墨精细,如同出自宋人之手,是一幅细谨的吉祥画。
Shangxi (15th century), the word but Kyrgyzstan, one said Heng Ji, birth and death unknown. Xuande famous court painter, official Jin Yiwei command. Good at landscape, figures, flowers, animals. The works are the possession of the Imperial Palace Museum "Ming Xuan Zong Xing Lu map" axis and "Guan Yu captured figure" axis, before the map to write Xuanzong Zhu Zhanji hunting situation, the characters have portraits, surrounded by rockery trees, jungle buildings, scenes vast . Painting workers caused by delicate, brushwork Jin Jian. After the plan is bright and colorful, with murals.
Shangxi, but the word Kyrgyzstan, Xuande is a famous court painter, official Jin Yiwei command.
Ming court painting history, from the beginning of the founding of the Ming Dynasty has begun, after Yongle, Xuande, Chenghua, Hongzhi several dynasties, the palace painting reached the stage of prosperity, to Jiajing, Wanli later decline gradually. Zhao Yuan, Zhuodi, Zhou, Wang Zhongyu is the initial representative of the body painter. Xuande later, the court painter continued to increase, the famous Xiehuan, Shang Xi, Ni end, Li in, Shi Rui, Zhou Wenjing, their painting, skill comprehensive, the Southern Song Dynasty "school body", have their own characteristics.
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