宋克(1327―1387)字仲温,一字克温,自号南宫生,长洲(今江苏苏州)人。是明代初期闻名于书坛的书法家"三宋二沈"之一。与高启等称十友,诗称十才子。洪武初为凤翔同知。素工草隶深得钟、王之法,笔精墨妙,风度翩翩。并工写竹,虽寸冈尺堑,而千篁万玉,雨叠烟生,萧然无尘俗之气。尝作鸡栖石业条一幅,题语有"艺成不觉自敛手"之句,谓不可复得也。书学急就章,故写竹能妙。尝于试院牍尾用朱笔扫竹,张伯雨有"偶见一枝红石竹"之句,人遂以为朱竹自宋克始。卒年六十一。宋克的书法,在明代颇享盛名,与当时擅长书法的宋璲、宋广合称三宋。
宋克出身于一个富裕家庭之中,他身躯魁梧,有侠义之心,少年时即博涉群书,家中蓄养宾客,喜饮善博,好施钱财,至成年时,适逢元末动乱,思自树功业,谢客学兵,欲北走中原,举旗起事,不意中道受阻,遂溯江游金陵、会稽等名胜山川之地,归家后乃发愤攻读,时张士诚据吴,慕其名欲招为幕宾,克乃谢辞,于家中辟一室,内藏历代法书碑帖,周彝汉砚,曰游其间以自娱.在这一段时期中,他沉酣书法,十分用功,据《明史·文苑传》谓:"克杜门染翰,日费十纸,遂以善书名天下。"他一生在仕途上并不得志,直至晚年洪武初始得到一个陕西凤翔府同知的小官,不久便辞官还乡,与当时的名人如杨维桢、倪瓒等人交往,以诗画相酬答。
宋克处元末明初,少年英俊,磊落清爽,常以李太白、苏东坡自比,任侠使气,闻鸡起舞。其聪慧过人,博涉经史,长于丹青,尤善画竹,今尚有《万竹图》传世。诗文亦名于时,与吴门文士高启、张羽、徐贲、陈则等为友,时称"十才子"。曾从元康里之入室弟子饶介学书,所传皆二王草法,故仲温特别钟情于草书。草书流走畅贯,挥运自如,似飞剑狂舞,潇洒纵横,十分契合于宋克"任侠使气"的性格。宋克学书取法甚高,楷宗钟繇,行书慕二王,章草学皇象之《急就章》,笔力清峭劲拔,笔意圆融洒脱,尤其是他的小草和章草,冠绝一代,吴宽评其书谓:"一克书出魏晋,深得钟王之法,故笔精墨妙,而风度翩翮可爱……仲温书索靖草书势,盖得其妙而无愧于靖者也。"其书出于魏晋,深得钟、王之法。擅长楷书、草书,尤精工章草,为当时第一。他的章草,延续赵孟頫、邓文原的风格又有所发展,融入了今草和行书的写法,更加流利、矫健。
传世墨迹有章草《急就章》、《公宴诗》、《李白行路难》、《七姬志》、《杜子美诗》、《定武兰亭跋》、《刘桢公宴诗》、《形增影古诗》、《书孙过庭书谱》等。均为墨林所宝,翰中精品。
著作论述
著作有《高启南宫生传》、《无声诗史》、《丹青志》、《珊瑚网》、《六研斋二笔》等。
《急就章》原称《急就篇》,是汉代学童的启蒙读物。世传本共三十二章,每章六十三字。作者史游,在西汉元帝时(公元前48-33年)官黄门令。《急就篇》书名据宋王应麟解释是:"急就谓字之难知者,缓急可就而求焉"的意思。这部书在魏晋间很流行,当时的书家往往多有写本。历代章草《急就章》写本,以传为三国时皇象所书最古。宋克临习章草书,即从此书得法。《急就篇》在唐以前,因为辗转传写,内容颇多讹脱。《急就章》的书体,在当时是从隶书解化出来的一种新兴草书,人们把这种草书叫做"章草",章草后来又经过演化变革,成为流传到现今的草书--"今草",这是草书发展史上的两个阶段。
宋克所书急就章,不只一本,现存的就有故宫藏本和天津艺术博物馆藏本。就故宫博物院藏本而论,此作笔势劲健,风貌简古。从他"聊以自备遗忘"的自识,结合全篇精绝谨严的面目,可知这是宋克经意临摹,以兼备古法之神与形的得意之作。对此,王世贞的一则评价颇为中旨:"观仲温书《急就章》,结意纯美,以为征诛之后,获睹揖让。而后偶取皇象石本阅之,大小行模及前后缺处若一,惟波撇小异耳。"
此卷十接纸一千九百余字,一笔不苟,心手相应,其书艺已臻极境。除书法价值外,此卷对《急就章》章草、正书二体的互释, 以及文字脱佚伪误的校勘等都具有重要价值。
Song Ke (1327-1387) word Zhong Wen, a word grams of temperature, since the Nangong Health, Cheung Chau (now Jiangsu Suzhou) people. Is the early Ming Dynasty famous calligrapher in the book world "Three Song Shen" one. And high Kai, said 10 friends, poem, said ten gifted. Hongwu early as Fengxiang with the know. Su-scribe won the bell, the king of the law, pen fine ink wonderful, graceful. And work to write bamboo, although the inch Gang cut, and thousands of thousands of jade, rain stacked smoke, rustic custom of gas. Taste of chicken habitat for a stone article, the inscription "art into unconsciously from the hand," the sentence, that can not be recovered too. Shu Xuexue on the chapter, it can be wonderful to write bamboo. Taste in the trial slips with bamboo brush Zhu, Zhang Boyu "Occasionally a red stone" sentence, people thought Zhu Zhu Song from the beginning. Death sixty-one. Song Ke's calligraphy, rather enjoy a good reputation in the Ming Dynasty, and at that time good at calligraphy song, Song Guang together said the song.
Song Ke was born in a wealthy family, his body burly, chivalrous heart, juvenile when Bo related books, home storage guests, drink good Bo, good money, to adulthood, coincides with the end of the Yuan Dynasty turmoil, thinking Since the tree industry, Xieke Xuebing, to the north of the Central Plains, the flag uprising, not the middle blocked, then back to the river tour Jinling, Kuaiji scenic spots such as mountains and rivers, go home after the study is angry, according to Wu Shi, Wu Mu In this period of time, he immersed in calligraphy, very hard, according to "the history of the Ming dynasty, the Ming dynasty history of the Ming Dynasty, His life in the career is not successful, until the early years of Hongwu initial Fengxiang a government with a small official, and soon afterwards, He resigned, and then the celebrities such as Yang Weizhen, Ni Zan, who exchanges to poetry and painting reward phase.
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