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文俶

文俶(1595―1634年),字端容,长洲(今江苏苏州)人。明代画家文从简女,文徵明玄孙女,精于花草虫蝶画的创作。嫁赵灵均,与丈夫一同隐居。擅花卉,长于写生,多画幽花异卉、小虫怪蝶,能曲肖物情,颇得生趣。作品笔墨细秀,风格娟丽,深得时人赏识。有《花卉》册、《萱石图》等传世。女赵昭,亦能画花卉,工写生,能承其家学。

  • 中文名文俶
  • 性别
  • 祖籍长洲(今江苏苏州)人
  • 出生日期1595
  • 逝世日期1634
  • 职业女画家
  • 所属年代明代
  • 端容
相关作品更多
人物简介

在明代吴门画家中,有关文俶这位名媛闺秀的文献记载十分简略。而笔墨文人“重男轻女”的愈识,也使她为史书所忽略,她作画,主要用以自娱,既不谋利,又不交友,只在本家族的小范围内流传、保存,因此,传之于今的作品真迹寥寥无几。但是仅就这有限的作品,已经足以使人们感受到流滋于女画家之手的独特情韵。
       文俶作为文徵明的玄孙女,贡士文从简之女。文从简在继承家学基础上加以变革,自成一种笔苍墨健、清润秀逸的画风,直接地影响着文俶画风的形成。文俶之兄文柟亦擅丹青,“山水一禀祖法”(张庚《国朝画征续录》)。兄妹二人经常切磋画艺,探求画理。文俶未满二十岁时,嫁给当时著名隐士、文学家赵宦光之子赵均,赵家父子性情古雅,既擅绘画、书法,更精书字说,通六书,识大梵字。宦光之妻陆卿子为姑苏尚宝卿陆师道之女.擅词章翰墨,常与闺秀、友人赠答,名重一时,声誉高过其夫及子。文俶与他们一道生活在江苏吴县西的寒山中,怡情林壑,以笔墨丹青为伴,修身养性。无论文家还是赵家,都给予了文俶良好的文化熏陶,加之她自身对艺术的热爱和努力,终至取得成功。她为了能生动传神地描绘幽花异草、小虫粉蝶,曾悉心描摩内府藏本草图千种,画《寒山草木昆虫状》一千种。她卓有成就的画艺,赢得人们的高度赞誉。姜绍书在《无声诗史》中评其:“写花卉苞萼鲜泽,枝条茬苒,深得迎风浥露之态。溪花汀草,不可名状者,皆能缀其生趣。芳丛之侧,佐以文石,一种菁华娟秀之韵溢于毫素,虽徐熙野逸,不是过也”。张庚《国朝画征续录》评介:“俶善花鸟草虫,尝作寒山草木昆虫百种,曲肖物情,亦能苍松怪石,笔颇老劲,吴中闺秀工丹青者,三百年来推文俶为独绝云”。

作品简介

《花卉手卷》
用笔方硬,以苍健遒劲衬托出花卉的生机,配以“没骨”的丽质,生动地表达了花卉清逸静穆的情韵。在构图上她注重布陈安排,有的以险破稳,有的以稳扶险,最后达到总体的端庄平稳。如《萱草蛱蝶图》,她把一朵县粟花大胆地画在画面的正中,以它为中线将画面分成左右相等的两部分,这很容易造成构图上的呆板僵死,为了破其稳,在花儿的右上方添上摇曳飞舞的蛱蝶,立刻使画面动扑相生,寓奇于平。在审美情调上,她常常以与世无争、以平和冲淡的心绪轻描淡写闲花静草,小虫惠蝶。画面不给观者以情绪上的大喜大悲,而宛如一首清雅娟美的小诗。在题材上,她以女子特有的细腻精微的目光,选取大千世界中最平凡最常见的花草虫蝶,捕捉其中的细微情趣。在选用材料上,她根据善绘小题材的特点,多使用面幅较小的纸、绢和扇面,较少有高头大卷之作。在用色上,很少采用强烈的原色,而喜加少量的粉,使花儿更显娇柔,彩蝶更富活力。

English is introduced

Wenchu (1595-1634), word end capacity, Cheung Chau (now Jiangsu Suzhou) people. Ming Dynasty painter from Jane girl, Wen Zhengming granddaughter, proficient in the creation of flowers and insects butterfly painting. Married Zhao Lingjun, and her husband with the seclusion. Good at flowers, longer than painting, multi-painting Youhua flowers, insects strange butterflies, to Qu Xiao things, quite interesting. Fine works of ink, style, Juan Li, won when people appreciated. There are "flowers" book, "Xuan stone map" and other handed down. Female Zhao Zhao, also can draw flowers, work sketch, can bear their family learning.
       Wenchu ​​Wen Zhengming as the great-granddaughter, Gong Shiwen from simple woman. On the basis of the inheritance of family learning, the text is transformed from a simple form to a simple form, and the style of Qingrunxiuyi directly influences the formation of Wenchu's style. Wenchu ​​brother Wen Nan is also good at Dan, "a natural ancestral landscape" (Zhang Geng, "the Korean painting Zhengsu Lu"). Brothers and sisters often discuss painting, to explore painting. Wen Chu under the age of twenty, to marry the then famous hermit, writer Zhao Huanguang son Zhao Jun, Zhao father and son temperament quaint, both good at painting, calligraphy, more fine book said, through the six books, Huan Guang's wife Lu Qingzi is Gusu Shang Baoqing Lu Shidao the daughter of good chapter Zhang Han ink, often with the lady, friends give a reply, re-name, reputation higher than his husband and son. Wenchu ​​and they live in Jiangsu Wuxian West Han Shan, Yueqing Linhe to pen and ink Danqing as partners, self-cultivation. Regardless of the text or Zhao, have given Wen Chu a good cultural influence, coupled with her own love of art and efforts, and finally to be successful. In order to be vivid and vivid description of her flowers and plants, insects butterflies, has carefully painted a map of Morocco, possession of thousands of sketches, painting "Han Shan vegetation insects," a thousand. Her illustrious achievements in painting, to win people's high praise. Jiang Shao book in the "silent history of poetry," commented: "write flower buds of fresh Ze, branches stubble Ran, won the wind Ying Lu of the state.Tree flowers Tingcao, can not name those who can decorate their interests.Fang Cong side, Accompanied by aragonite, a kind of essence Juanxiu rhyme overflow in the prime element, although Xu Xi wild Yi, not too. Zhang Geng, "the Korean painting Zhengsu Lu" Commentary: "Chu Shan flowers and birds of grass insects, taste for 100 kinds of cold mountain vegetation insects, music Xiao things, but also pines and rocks, pen quite Lao Jin, Three hundred years to push the text of Chu for the independence must cloud. "

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