早年生活

正统十二年(1447年)，李东阳出生于京师的玄武湖西浒，李东阳的父亲时年三十一岁。

 

景泰元年(1450年)，李东阳能作

 

径尺大的书法，被称为神童，明景帝下召验试，并赐给李东阳菓钞。

 

景泰三年(1452年)，明景帝召请李东阳讲读《尚书》大义。

 

景泰四年(1453年)，李东阳跟从老师展毓读书学习，稍长，拜展毓为外傅。

 

景泰五年(1454年)，明景帝再次召请李东阳讲《尚书》大义，并下旨将李东阳送入顺天府学为诸生。

 

景泰六年(1455年)，李东阳在顺天府学读书。

 

景泰七年(1456年)，李东阳在顺天府学读书，生母刘氏去世。

 

天顺元年(1457年)，明英宗复位，李东阳在顺天府学读书，受教于翰林院的黎淳。

 

天顺五年(1461年)，李东阳与刘大夏、杨一清同在老师黎淳门下读书。

 

天顺六年(1462年)，八月，李东阳参加顺天乡试，中举。本次顺天府试陈鉴为主考官，刘宣为副主考官。

 

天顺七年(1463年)，二月，李东阳参加会试礼部，陈文为主考，柯潜为副主考。因为试院火灾考试延期举行。八月，延时的会试中李东阳中第一百八十五名。本次会试彭时为主考，钱溥为副主考。

 

天顺八年(1464年)，三月，殿试中李东阳取得二甲第一，被选为庶吉士。在翰林院中受教于刘定之、柯潜。

 

折叠成化时期

成化元年(1465年)，八月，李东阳被授编修之职，参与修纂《英宗实录》。

 

成化三年(1467年)，八月，《英宗实录》修纂成书，皇帝赐李东阳白金文绮，品秩升为从六品。

 

成化七年(1471年)，夏，李东阳的元配妻子刘氏病卒。

 

成化八年(1472年)，二月，李东阳奉父携弟，南归祖籍茶陵扫墓，途中所见所闻编写成《南行稿》一书。九月，李东阳的岳父岳正病卒，李东阳写有《祭外舅蒙泉先生文》一稿。

 

成化十年(1474年)，正月，李东阳的三弟李东川病死，李东阳写有祭文。十二月，李东阳九年任期满，迁升为侍讲。

 

成化十一年(1475年)，六月二十一日，李东阳的长子李兆先出生。十月，李东阳再次丧妻，继娶的岳氏病亡。

 

成化十二年(1476年)，五月，李东阳的二弟李东山病亡，李东阳写有祭文。李东阳入经筵侍班，同时兼撰讲章。

 

成化十九年(1483年)，李东阳任职九年秩满，升为翰林院侍讲学士。十一月二十六日，李东阳的三女儿出生。

 

成化二十年(1484年)，二月，李东阳充当殿试读卷官，并以侍讲学士身份侍东官班。

 

成化二十二年(1486年)，六月九日，李东阳的次子李兆同出生。十二月二十日，李东阳之父李淳病故，李东阳守制。

 

折叠弘治时期

弘治元年(1488年)，闰正月，皇帝下召让李东阳充当纂修官修《宪宗实录》。

 

弘治二年(1489年)，四月，李东阳守制期满，除服，职位升为左春坊左庶子，仍兼任侍讲学士。

 

弘治三年(1490年)，三月，李东阳充当殿试读卷官。

 

弘治四年(1491年)，八月，《明宪宗实录》成，李东阳以纂修实录有功，职位升为太常寺少卿。

 

弘治五年(1492年)，三月，李东阳受命供事日讲，兼经筵讲官。

 

弘治六年(1493年)，二月，李东阳受命为会试主考官。六月，李东阳与傅瀚受命教导本次新晋庶吉士。

 

弘治七年(1494年)，正月，李东阳与程敏政同受命教导翰林院中庶吉士。八月，徐溥等奏请，李东阳升礼部右侍郎，兼任侍讲学士，专门负责内阁诰敕撰写。

 

弘治八年(1495年)，二月，李东阳次子李兆同夭亡。李东阳以原官与谢迁受命入内阁参预机务(入阁)。

 

弘治九年(1496年)，三月，李东阳受命为殿试读卷官。

 

弘治十年(1497年)，三月，李东阳与徐溥、刘健、谢迁受命为总裁官，修撰《大明会典》。九月，李东阳请纳长子李兆先为监生。

 

弘治十一年(1498年)，二月，皇太子出阁读书，赐李东阳太子少保、礼部尚书衔兼文渊阁大学士负责教导太子。四月，李东阳的四弟李东溟卒。

 

弘治十二年(1499年)，正月，监生江瑢劾奏李东阳与刘健杜绝言路，嫉贤妒能，请求罢黜二人官职。三月，给事中华昶弹劾程敏政鬻题给徐经、唐寅，皇帝命李东阳覆校，李东阳以二人均不在录取名单中奏报。七月，李东阳得病痔，明孝宗赐药。

 

弘治十四年(1501年)，三月，李东阳以昡晕等疾病为由请辞，皇帝不准。四月，李东阳再次上疏请求辞职，皇帝再次不准。五月再上书请辞，皇帝依然不准。七月，李东阳的长子李兆先病殁。十一月，李东阳去房山为自己挑选墓地。

 

弘治十五年(1502年)，三月，李东阳充当殿试读卷官。八月，李东阳为过继子李兆蕃申请得到补荫为国子生。十一月，明孝宗赐李东阳玉带织金衣。十二月，李东阳参与编纂的《大明会典》成书。

 

弘治十六年(1503年)，二月，明孝宗赐李东阳红蟒衣一件。五月二十六日，李东阳与刘健、谢迁上言请求编写《历代通鉴纂要》，获准。

 

弘治十七年(1504年)五月二十五日，李东阳上疏请求致仕，皇帝不准。五月三十日，李东阳以灾异事件上疏求致仕，皇帝不准。十月，李东阳再次生痔病。十二月十五日李东阳以生病为由乞求退休，皇帝不准。十二月二十五日，李东阳再上疏求退休，皇帝不准。

 

弘治十八年(1505年)二月二十一日，李东阳以疾病原因乞求退休，皇帝不准。三月，李东阳充殿试读卷官。五月，明孝宗下召李东阳与刘健、谢迁入乾清宫共同领受顾命。明孝宗死，明武宗即位。七月，李东阳以辅导太子之功与谢迁同升少傅仍兼太子太傅。李东阳请辞，皇帝不准。八月十三日，李东阳与谢迁同授光禄大夫，勋柱国，皇帝赐李东阳以己身并曾祖父母、祖父母、父母、妻诰命。十二月，李东阳奉命修纂《孝宗实录》。

 

折叠正德时期

正德元年(1506年)，正月，李东阳与谢迁受命共同知经筵事。二月二十三日，李东阳与刘健、谢迁上疏乞退休，皇帝不准。二月二十九日，李东阳次再与刘健、谢迁乞求退休，皇帝不准。七月，皇帝册立皇后，李东阳充当副使行纳吉、纳征、告期礼。九月，李东阳充当副使行册妃礼。十月十三日，李东阳与刘健、谢迁上疏乞求退休。皇帝批准刘、谢二人离职，却独留李东阳。十月十五日，李东阳再次上疏乞求退休，皇帝不准。十月十六日，李东阳奏请乞求暂免朝参，只求能够扶病入阁供事，皇帝准。十月二十四日，李东阳劝焦芳辞去兼任的吏部尚书职位。十一月，李东阳上疏乞求退休，皇帝不准。十二月十六日，皇帝赐李东阳少师兼太子太师、吏部尚书、华盖殿大学士。

 

正德二年(1507年)，六月，李东阳进《历代通鉴纂要》一书，而后以生病告假。八月，李东阳上书乞求退休，皇帝不准。

 

正德三年(1508年)，三月，李东阳充当殿试读卷官。八月，李东阳患上血痰嗽诸病症，并以病求告休息。九月李东阳乞求退休，皇帝不准。十月李东阳再次乞求退休，皇帝不准。

 

正德四年(1509年)，四月，《孝宗实录》一书成，李东阳率百官上表皇帝。四月十五日，李东阳以纂修实录的功绩，皇帝加李东阳享受正一品俸禄。

 

正德五年(1510年)，九月，李东阳因为宁夏民乱平定，被皇帝加勋为特进左柱国，恩荫其继子李兆蕃为尚宝丞。十月，李东阳嫁洐圣公孔闻韶的女儿病殁。十一月十九日，李东阳被南京监察御史张芹弹劾其尸位素餐。

 

正德六年(1511年)，三月，李东阳充殿试读卷官。五月，李东阳以患鼻衄、痔漏等病上疏求致仕。十一月，李东阳因九载功绩被皇帝下令兼食大学士俸禄，并赐给其诰命，恩准其在礼部摆宴。

 

正德七年(1512年)，九月二十四日，直隶、山东、河南、江西等义军被平，李东阳以运筹定议功劳被皇帝下旨赏银两表裹，并恩荫其子侄一人世袭锦衣卫正千户。十月四日，李东阳上疏恳求谢辞，皇帝下诏改荫为六品文职。十二月二十七日，李东阳以身老生病恳求退休，皇帝准许，赐敕褒誉李东阳，下令有司时加存问，给李东阳月食八石待遇，恩荫其侄李兆延为中书舍人。十二月三十日，李东阳上疏谢恩。

 

正德十一年(1516年)，七月二十日，李东阳以病而终于正寝。明武宗追赠李东阳太师，谥文正。九月二十八日，李东阳葬于京西城西直门外畏吾村的祖坆之地。

 

 政治成就

进入仕途之初，李东阳升迁很不顺利，基本上是九年任满一迁，而且做了很长时间的侍讲学士，却仍没有参与经筵和日讲等活动，这是因为李东阳"以貌寝，好诙谐，不为时宰所重"以至于"士论哗然不平"。但是李东阳年轻时对此毫不在意，表现出宽阔的心禅和难得的政治成熟。

 

李东阳秉政以后，虽然贵为内阁大学士，又"以文章领袖缙绅"，但他平易近人广交朋友"李文正当国时，每日朝罢，则门生群集其家，皆海内名流。其座上常满，殆无虚日谈文论艺，绝口不及势力。"

 

可见李东阳在政治人更多采取的忍让的态度，不管和士林还是宦官、外戚等都相处都还算不错，在政治上没有明确的个人主张，特别是在正德年间被世人讥为"伴食宰相"。

 

文学成就

李东阳"天资英迈，读书一目数十行下，辄成诵不忘。少入翰林，即负文学重名。"但是李东阳很谦逊"然恒持谦冲，未尝以才智先人。"

 

李东阳主持文坛数十年之人，其为诗文典雅工丽，为茶陵诗派的核心人物。又工篆书、隶书。著有《怀麓堂稿》、《怀麓堂诗话》、《燕对录》等。后有清人辑编《怀麓堂集》和《怀麓堂全集》等。

 

文学方面，李东阳主要有三点主张:一、主张学古，反对模仿。二、言由心生，诗文真情。三、知言养气，文主于气。

 

书法成就

李东阳长于篆、隶、楷、行、草书，于篆隶造诣尤高。他是明初台阁体书法向明中期吴门书法过渡期间的书法家。李东阳的书法已摆脱明初台阁体的束缚，对明中期书风起承先启后的作用。有书法大家赞道李东阳"长沙公大草，中古绝技也!玲珑飞动，不可按抑，而纯雅之色，如精金美玉，毫无怒张蹈厉之癌，盖天资清澈，全不带渣滓以出。"代表作品有篆书《怀素自叙帖引首》、楷书《邃庵铭》、行草书《自书诗卷》等。

 李东阳门人孙承恩《瀼溪草堂稿》卷四十六:"德业皋夔，文章韩孟。著忠勤于四世，蹈夷险以一心。功业施于天下而人不知，风节表于一世而士咸服。曩者内朝变故，以及西寇抢攘，左右维持，驯致底定。……尽宰相致仕，始于韦贤，而事业未见;功成请老，见于裴度，而文章则无传。其或兼是二长，则又多亏晚节，未有全美之善，卓如我公之贤。"

明代诗人谢楱在《诗家直说》:"李西涯阁老善诗，门下多词客。刘梅轩阁老忌之，闻人学诗，则叱之曰'就作到李、杜，只是酒徒。'"

清人辑《怀麓堂集》评道:"高才绝识，独步一时也，而充之以学问，故其诗文深厚浑雄，不少屈奇可骇之辞，而法度森严，思味隽永，尽脱凡近而古意独存。每晚豪伸纸，无趣溢发，操纵开阔，随意所如而不逾典则。"

明史评:"自明兴以来，宰臣以文章领袖缙绅者，杨士奇后，东阳而已"

靳贵在《戒庵文集》中评"盖操文柄四十馀年，出其门者，号有家法，虽在疏远，亦窃效其词，规字体以竞风韵之末而鸣一时。"

廖可斌评:"一时学者翕然宗之。"

章培恒:李东阳是我国明代著名政治家和文学家。他于天顺八年举进士，入翰林。弘治八年入阁，与徐溥、刘健、谢迁共辅朝政。经治之治，史所称道。正德改元，武宗昏聩，刘瑾等宦官窃取朝政，残虐天下。刘健等一批气节之士愤然去官，李东阳被强留，以首辅辅政。面对刘瑾等熏天的气焰，李东阳不免因循隐忍，委曲求全，但是也多亏了他调停于其间，多所救正，使得能够于四年后清除刘瑾，挽回朝政。

 个人诗稿:

 

《南行稿》:一卷，成化八年，年仅26岁的李东阳陪父亲李淳回祖籍湖广茶陵省亲，历时七月，行程万里，饱览山水，遍赏名胜，发为文章，删减成此稿。此稿收于《怀麓堂稿》之杂记部分刊行，今存。

 

《北上录》:一卷，成化十六年秋李东阳与同年罗璟赴南都主考应天府乡试。恐妨职事，戒作诗文。试毕，如与南都士大夫燕会，唱和。得赋一、诗一百零二、联句二、杂文三共作一卷。成书于成化十六年，此稿收于《怀麓堂稿》之杂记部分刊行，今存。

 

《讲读录》:二卷，此录所收为李东阳在成化十二年至弘治七年间任翰林讲读时所撰写的讲章和直解。此稿收于《怀麓堂稿》之杂记部分刊行，今存。

 

《三谟直解》:此解亦为李东阳任翰林讲读之职所撰。今不存。

 

《哭子录》:一卷，李东阳长子李兆先不幸于弘治十四年病死，年27岁。友人多赋诗吊慰，李东阳答之，多至数十首。此稿收于《怀麓堂稿》之杂记部分刊行，今存。

 

《东祀录》:三卷，弘治十六年阙里孔庙毁于火灾，次年重建，李东阳以内阁大臣身分前往，此行诗文集为《东祀录》此录有弘治本和正德元年王麟刻本单行。后此稿收于《怀麓堂稿》之杂记部分刊行，包括单行本今皆存。

 

《集句录》:一卷，成化十三年春，李东阳告假养病，戒不作诗，而戏集古句，略代讽咏，间以应酬。两月间得数十首，集为一卷。后此稿收于《怀麓堂稿》之杂记部分刊行，今存。

 

《集句后录》:一卷，弘治十七年冬至十八年春，李东阳于病中复集古句，抒怀酬赠。得数十首，诸体略具，集为一卷。后此稿收于《怀麓堂稿》之杂记部分刊行，今存。

 

《拟古乐府》:二卷。李东阳十分推赏汉魏乐府古辞，于弘治年间间取史册所载忠臣义士、幽人贞妇、奇踪异事。行后拟作古乐府一百零一首，于弘治十七年初成两卷。后友人谢铎、潘辰评点，门生何孟春为之作注。此集刻本极多。今存顾佖刻本、魏春刻本、李一鹏刻本、释祩宏刻本、唐尧臣刻本、长寿刻本、何泰吉刻本等。日本有朕腋活字本、高丽刻本等。李东阳生前将此稿收于《怀麓堂稿》中。

 

《新旧唐书杂论》:这是李东阳读唐史心得之作，成稿于弘治七年他入阁之前，后作为杂著，收编为《怀麓堂文稿》第十七卷，名为"读唐史"。原稿不见于书，今有手秒本存世。

 

《燕对录》:二卷，李东阳自弘治八年入阁至正德七年致仕，先后辅政十八年，此编就是他在辅政期间被召议政的记录，成编于正德九年。此编今存明嘉靖时期刊《交泰录》本、明抄《国朝典故》本。

 

《同声集》:一卷，此集所收为李东阳与友谢铎同官翰林时唱和之作。友人陈音为作引。此集未见刻本，今不存。

 

《后同声集》:一卷，此集收录李东阳与谢铎于弘治初复同官翰林唱和之作。吴宽为之作序。总共收录五十首。此集未见刻本，今不存。

 

《聊句录》:五卷，是李东阳与同进士、士大夫聊句之作，李东阳自作序。丹徒县知县王溥刊行，侍讲学士吴希贤复辑题名。共采用六十九人聊句。还有云南的周子建刻本。王、周二人刻本今俱不存。

 

《西涯远意录》:一卷，此卷收录李东阳和友人萧顾、李经、潘辰共同赠送给谢铎的作品，吴宽作序。此卷今已不存。

 

《李西涯翰墨》:一卷，此卷收录弘治、正德期间李东阳赠送给友人谢迁父子的亲笔诗文。此卷今不存。

 

《西涯诗篆》:一卷，此卷收李东阳致政后寄给远在浙江友人谢迁的亲篆和诗。此卷今不存，其诗或见于《怀麓堂诗续稿》。

 

《求退录》:三卷，李东阳入阁辅政十八年，其间数上疏求退及辞谢恩荫。三卷全是这些奏疏的结集。此稿收于《怀麓堂稿》之杂记部分刊行，今存。清后《怀麓堂集》删为一卷，只保留十九道奏疏。

 

《怀麓堂诗话》:一卷，此卷收李东阳谈诗论文的随笔。正德年间，辽阳王铎得之，在扬州刊刻行世。正德本《怀麓堂稿》未收录，清人《怀麓堂全集》才收录。今所见有《七子诗话》本等。

 

《怀麓堂稿》:此为李东阳仕宦期间诗文作品集，有《诗稿》二十卷、《文稿》三十卷、《诗后稿》三十卷、《文后稿》三十卷，杂记七种，即《南行稿》、《北上录》、《讲读录》等。为李东阳生前自辑。《诗后稿》、《文后稿》系门生何孟春编次。此稿始刻于正德十一年，清代刻本名《怀麓堂集》或《怀麓堂全集》。清代刻本与明代刻本有较大差异。此稿今存。

 

《怀麓堂续稿》:二十一卷，此稿主要收录李东阳致仕后四年间的诗文作品，包括诗八卷、文十二卷、补遗一卷。李东阳去世的第二年，即正德十二年由门生张汝立等在苏州刊行。今存版均有不同程度的残缺。

 

《李文正公集》:二卷，此集为李东阳诸体诗的选本，隆庆间俞宪收于《盛明百家诗》前编，今存。

 

《与陆釴简札》:一卷，此卷收李东阳写给友人陆釴的简札。正德五年，李东阳为之标首跋尾。未见有刻本，稿本今不存。

 

《三世通家卷》:此卷收李东阳与友人张敷华的往复书简，张鳌山辑。李东阳晚年为之跋后。未见刻本，今不存。

 

参与修撰诗稿:

 

《大明会典》:一百八十卷，李东阳与徐溥、刘健、谢迁等于弘治十年三月奉命编纂，成书于弘治十五年，未刊行。正德四年五月，权阉刘瑾派人搞其中论错，借故裁抑儒臣，于是命李东阳与焦芳、杨廷和等复视更定，是年十一月，武宗作序，敕司礼监刻梓。嘉靖八年命阁臣续修五十三卷。万历间，申时行奉敕续修二百二十八卷，司礼监刊行。

 

《历代通鉴纂要》:九十二卷，李东阳与刘健、谢迁等于经治十六年五月奉敕编纂，历时四年，于正德二年六月成编。武宗撰序，司礼监刊行。此书今存。

 

《明孝宗实录》:二百二十四卷，李东阳与刘健、谢迁等于弘治十八年十二月奉敕编纂，至正德四年四月成编。此书今存。

 

《阙里志》:十三卷，此志为李东阳于弘治十七年首倡，并亲定凡例，由陈镐等修成。嘉靖有补刻本，万历间孔子六十代孙孔贞严重修十二卷本。崇祯间，孔胤植重修成二十四卷。诸本今皆存。

 

参与理整诗稿:

 

《灌畦语》:一卷，此书为李东阳整理成编的唐人论史之作。原撰作不详。天顺八年李东阳偶购得，整理残卷，摘秒其可读者三十余条为一卷。

 

《憩痷府君字法手稿》:此书为李东阳父亲李淳的书法著作，李东阳于弘治间加以补订，成帙。正德间刻本。此书今不存。

 

《二仲遗哀》:一卷，此为李东阳两位弟弟李东山、李东川诗作合稿，二人早夭。李东阳辑其为卷。此稿未见刻本，稿本今不存。

 

《类博稿》:十卷，此稿为李东阳岳父岳正的诗文集。李东阳等重辑。此稿今存弘治刻本，嘉靖刻本等。

 

《沧洲诗集》:十卷，此稿收集张泰诗文作品，李东阳与谢铎、吴宽共同编辑而成。今存弘治三年成桂刻本、嘉靖十三年毛渊修补增刻本、清代手抄本等。

 

《黎文僖公集》:十七卷，此集所收为李东阳之师黎淳的诗文作品。弘治、正德间李东阳和刘大夏、杨一清参互校订而成。此集今存嘉靖三十五年陈甘雨刻本等。

 

《镜川先生诗集》:此集为杨守川的诗作，李东阳笺注。未见有刻本，今不存。

 

《学士柏诗》:一卷，此集收李东阳与门人顾清辈感旧怀贤的诗作，并撰序以述其事。未见有刻本，今不存。

 巧答景泰帝

李东阳四岁时被举荐为神童，父亲带他觐见景泰帝，李东阳因人小脚短，跨不过门槛。景泰帝见此情景，便脱口出了上联:"神童脚短。"东阳应声对下联:"天子门高"。景泰帝高兴地将他抱坐膝盖上，见其父亲还站立在一旁，又出上联:"子坐父立，礼乎?"李东阳答道:"嫂溺叔援，权也。"

 

李东阳和程敏政同时作为神童，被景泰帝召见入宫殿。据说景泰帝正在吃螃蟹，便以此出上联:"螃蟹浑身甲胄。"程敏政应声对道:"凤凰遍体文章。"李东阳从容答道:"蜘蛛满腹经纶。"皇帝说:"这个孩子将来会当宰相。"殿试后第三天，李东阳中了第三名神童。

 

折叠诗文趣事

李东阳被举荐为神童后，不少文人墨客找他题诗作对，试试他的才华是否名副其实。有位老翰林将他的名字嵌入联语，要他用"两兼格"续对:"李东阳气暖。"东阳对道:"柳下惠风和。"老翰林惊叹不已。

 

正德年间，内阁刘健、谢迁二公遭贬离京，只留下李东阳一人。当时刘瑾把持朝政，李东阳独木难支，无力回天。有人画了一幅丑老妪骑牛吹笛的讽刺画，在画中老妪额上题"此李西涯(李的号)相业"，以此嘲讽李东阳。有人向他报告此事，可他不动声色，自题绝句一首:"杨妃身死马嵬坡，出塞昭君怨恨多。争似阿婆骑牛背，春风一曲太平歌。"在后来推翻刘瑾的斗争中，李起了关键性作用。

 

李东阳与彭泽交往甚密，常有唱酬。彭对李诗不太赞赏。后来，彭泽官场失意，离京回乡。李东阳赠诗一首:"斫地哀歌兴未阑，归来长铗尚须弹。秋风布褐衣犹短，夜雨江湖梦亦寒。木叶下时惊岁晚，人情阅尽见交难。长安旅食淹留地，惭愧先生苜蓿盘。"彭读到开头四句便深为感动，读完全诗，潸然泪下。反复吟诵数十遍，爱不释手，对儿子说;"现在我才发现西涯的诗写得这样好，意境如此深远。我恨不能与他重相见，把酒论诗文!"

 

李东阳之幼女，嫁于山东曲阜孔闻韶。未嫁之前，其女以孔家园林狭小，花木稀少为词，稍有责难。孔家为此大兴土木，扩充屋宇，修葺亭台楼阁。孔闻韶乃孔子六十二世孙，于明弘治十六年(公元1503年)袭封衍圣公，"班超一品之阶"。同年孔府花园竣工，东阳之女亦于当年出嫁，封为一品夫人。可谓三喜临门。袭封后，东阳代衍圣公作谢恩表，并代作大门联。联云:"与国戚休，安富尊荣公府第;偕天不老，文章礼乐圣人家。"此时东阳已是暮年，遣词造句，颂扬得体，忧国忧民，一片忠心。

 

折叠依付刘瑾

明武宗时，由于太监刘瑾擅权，大学士刘健、李东阳、谢迁见时势难为，屡次上疏请求致仕，武宗同意让刘、谢二人致仕，惟独留下了李东阳。李不自安，上言:"臣等三人事同一体，而臣独留，何以自容?不知何以为处。"他虽然多次上章，可终究未得武宗允许，反而被任命为内阁首辅，因为刘瑾重其文名。可他做事大多依附刘瑾。据传刘瑾于朝阳门外造玄真观，东阳写了碑文，极其称颂刘瑾。后来，朝廷抓捕刘瑾，被泄密，人们认为这是李东阳搞的鬼。国子监一监生趁黑题诗于其门嘲讽他:"才名应与斗山齐，伴食中书日已西。回首湘江春已绿，鹧鸪啼罢子规啼。"因为鹧鸪啼声好像"行不得也，哥哥不如归去"。

 

折叠自夸其子

李东阳有一个独子名叫兆先，字贞伯，自幼颖敏绝人，有一目数行之资，写文章下笔立就，文名甚高。时称过父。可是李兆先游侠无度，天天寻花问柳，因此致病。有一天，李东阳经过儿子书馆，在桌上用纸写道:"今日柳陌，明日花街。焚膏继晷(一作诵诗读书)，秀才秀才!"意在规劝儿子。李兆先回到家里后，看到了此条，便来到李东阳的书房，在纸上写道:"今日黄风(一作骤风)，明日黑风(一作狂风)。燮理阴阳，相公相公!"时人传为笑谈。后来李兆先每次入场参加考试便会生病，因此他许久也没中上个举人，不到三十岁便病死了，李家因此绝嗣。可李东阳在其《麓堂诗话》中，却还大夸特夸自己的儿子"慧识巨眼出唐人之上"。

 

折叠临终谥号

据传李东阳在弥留之际，内阁大臣杨一清去看望他，说要给他谥号文正，李东阳激动得跳起来要为之叩头。因为李杨二人私交甚厚，有人作诗讽刺说:"文正从来谥范王，如今文正却难当。大风吹到梧桐树，自有旁人说短长。"

 家世

高祖父:名无考，行戊七。不仕。

曾祖父:李文祥，行继二，行伍出身。洪武初，随军队迁入京师。李东阳的《怀麓堂文稿》卷三十《先叔父前金吾左卫百户李公墓志铭》记载:洪武初，吾曾祖继二府君籍义兵，历济南卫，改燕山左护卫。

祖父:李允兴，字福永，行允三。代父役，与靖难功，授小旗。调金吾左卫。

祖母:陈氏，武进人。

父亲:李淳，字行素。不仕，私塾老师。父有疾，躬侍汤药。姐姐寡居，养之终身，并为姐姐的几个子女操办婚嫁。

生母:刘氏，东安军人家庭出身，嫁给李东阳父亲时已经二十岁了。以病早逝，死于景泰七年。

继母:麻氏，汪俊有《寿李太夫人九十诗序》，可知李东阳继母麻氏寿命在九十以上。

叔父:李泽，字行润。官至金吾左卫百户。

折叠弟弟

李东阳有同父兄弟四人，长子即李东阳。

 

二弟:李东山，字陟之。由刘氏出。与李东阳为同母兄弟，生于景泰三年八月二十五日，死于成化十二年五月十三日，年二十四。见李东阳的《怀麓堂文续稿》卷八《仲弟东山墓志铭》

三弟:李东川，字浚之。由刘氏出。年十九，未娶而亡。

四弟:李东溟，字容之。由麻氏出。

折叠妻妾

李东阳先后娶妻三个，妾不详，只知道一子为妾生，所以至少有妾一人。

 

元配:刘氏，京师人，赠一品夫人。

继娶:岳德熙(熙字为女旁熙)，是蒙泉先生岳正之女，死于成化11年，赠宜人。李东阳的《怀麓堂文后稿》卷二十九《外姑宋夫人墓志铭》，可知岳氏姓名，是其岳母宋氏四女之一。

再继娶:朱氏，成国公朱仪之女，封一品夫人，其死亡在李东阳之后。李东阳的《怀麓堂文后稿》卷十《封成国夫人朱母胡氏墓志铭》，可知其岳母胡氏为原礼部尚书忠安公胡濙长女，其生四女，次女嫁给李东阳。

折叠子女

儿子

李东阳共有子四人，其中两嫡一庶，还有一个是其弟过继给李东阳的继子。

 

长子:李兆先，字徵伯，由岳夫人出，生于成化十一年，出生仅四个月其母岳氏病亡。娶妻潘氏。李东阳在《怀麓堂文后稿》卷二十四《儿子兆先墓志铭》中记道:十八岁应试，在考场中病倒。二十一岁试不中，靠父荫成国子生。二十四岁误写试卷，不中。二十七应试前病死。

次子:李兆同，由朱夫人出，10岁死。李东阳的《怀麓堂文后稿》卷三十《儿兆同埋铭》。

侧子:小名午孙，庶出，周岁死。李东阳在《怀麓堂诗稿》卷五《哭午儿》其中一句:儿生不满晬，遂作终身期。

继子:李兆蕃，是李东阳四弟李东溟的儿子，过继给李东阳当继子。

女儿

李东阳共有女三人

 

长女:李盈，由刘夫人出，生于成化7年，嫁给尚宝少卿崔杰。李东阳在《怀麓堂南行稿》有《盈女生日》一诗。

次女:李菱，由朱夫人出，成化18年亡，死亡时只有几岁，李东阳甚疼爱此女为其有诗作。《怀麓堂诗稿》卷十五《哭女菱》

三女:名无考，由朱夫人出，生于成化19年11月26日，嫁给孔子第六十二代孙"衍圣公"孔闻韶，28岁时死亡。李东阳有《怀麓堂文后稿》卷三十《亡女衍圣公宗妇墓志铭》。

 

 《明史稿·李东阳传》

《明史·卷一百八一·列传第六十九·李东阳》

《尧山堂外纪》

《名山藏·卷六十九》

《国榷》

《罪惟录》

《明史纪事本末》

《明通鉴》

《治世余闻》

《继世纪闻》

《续藏书》

《今言》

《殿阁词林记》

《明名臣琬录》

《辅世编》

《明儒学案》

《翰林记》

 Paul Mauriat's History

Folding Early Life

In the twelve years of orthodoxy (1447), Li Dongyang was born in Xihu, Xuanwu Lake, Beijing Normal University. Li Dongyang's father was 31 years old.

In the first year of Jingtai (1450), Li Dongyang was able to write

The large-sized calligraphy is called prodigy. Emperor Ming Jingdi called for an examination and gave Li Dongyang a banknote.

In the third year of Jingtai (1452), Emperor Jingdi invited Li Dongyang to read the general meaning of Shangshu.

In the four years of Jingtai (1453), Li Dongyang followed his teacher, Zhan Yu, and studied for a little longer. He worshiped Zhan Yu as a foreign master.

In the fifth year of Jingtai (1454), Emperor Jingdi of the Ming Dynasty again called on Li Dongyang to speak about the righteousness of Shangshu, and ordered that Li Dongyang be sent to Shuntianfu School for all students.

In the six years of Jingtai (1455), Li Dongyang studied in Shuntianfu.

In the seventh year of Jingtai (1456), Li Dongyang studied in Shuntianfu and his mother Liu died.

In the first year of Tianshun (1457), Emperor Yingzong of Ming Dynasty was restored. Li Dongyang studied in Shuntian Prefecture and was taught in Li Chun of Hanlin College.

In the fifth year of Tianshun (1461), Li Dongyang, Liu Daxia and Yang Yiqing read together under the teacher Li Chunmen.

In the sixth year of Tianshun (1462), in August, Li Dongyang participated in the Shuntian Township Examination and won the middle prize. Chen Jian was the chief examiner and Liu Xuan was the Deputy examiner in the Shuntianfu test.

Tianshun 7 years (1463), in February, Li Dongyang participated in the ceremony examination, Chen Wen as the main exam, Keqian as the vice-exam. Because the fire test was postponed. In August, the delayed interview ranked 185 in Li Dongyang Middle School. This meeting will take Peng Shi as the main test and Qian Pu as the deputy test.

Tianshun eight years (1464), in March, in the palace examination, Li Dongyang won first place in dimethyl, was elected as a Shuji. He was taught by Liu Dingzhi and Keqian in Hanlin College.

Folding period

In the first year of Chenghua (1465), in August, Li Dongyang was appointed editor and participated in compiling the English Truth Record.

Chenghua three years (1467), August, "Yingzong Shilu" compiled into a book, the Emperor gave Li Dongyang Platinum Wenqi, rank rose from six products.

In the seventh year of Chenghua (1471), in the summer, Li Dongyang's wife Liu died of illness.

In the eighth year of Chenghua (1472), in February, Li Dongyang, with his father and brother, swept the tomb of his ancestral home, Chaling, and what he saw and heard on the way compiled the book "Nan Xing Manuscript". In September, Li Dongyang's father-in-law was dying of illness. Li Dongyang wrote a manuscript of "Sacrificing to Uncle Mengquan".

Chenghua Decade (1474), the first month, Li Dongyang's third brother, Li Dongchuan died of illness, Li Dongyang wrote a memorial. In December, Li Dongyang's nine-year term of office expired and he was promoted to a lecturer.

In the eleventh year of Chenghua (1475), Li Zhaoxian, the eldest son of Li Dongyang, was born on June 21. In October, Li Dongyang lost his wife again, and his wife, Yue Shi, died of illness.

In the twelfth year of Chenghua (1476), in May, Li Dongyang's second brother, Li Dongshan, died of illness. Li Dongyang wrote a sacrifice. Li Dongyang attended the banquet and wrote lectures at the same time.

In the nineteenth year of Chenghua (1483), Li Dongyang served nine years in full rank and was promoted to Bachelor of Arts in Hanlin College. On November 26, Li Dongyang's third daughter was born.

Chenghua 20 years (1484), February, Li Dongyang served as the palace examination paper officer, and as a lecturer in the official class.

Chenghua 22 years (1486), June 9, Li Dongyang's second son Li Zhaotong was born. On December 20, Li Dongyang's father, Li Chun, died of illness. Li Dongyang obeyed the system.

Folding Hongzhi Period

In the first year of Hongzhi (1488), in the first month of Jun, the emperor called on Li Dongyang to act as a compiler to revise the Records of the Constitutional Emperor.

In the second year of Hongzhi (1489), in April, when Li Dongyang's system expired, he was promoted to Zuo Chunfang's leftist son and still served as a waiter and lecturer.

Hongzhi three years (1490), in March, Li Dongyang served as the palace examination paper officer.

Four years of Hongzhi (1491), in August, "Ming Xianzong True Record" was completed. Li Dongyang was successful in compiling the True Record, and his position was promoted to Shaoqing of Taichang Temple.

Five years of Hongzhi (1492). In March, Li Dongyang was appointed as a minister and lecturer at the banquet.

Hongzhi six years (1493), in February, Li Dongyang was appointed as the examiner of the general examination. In June, Li Dongyang and Fu Han were instructed to teach the new Jin people.

In the first month of the seventh year of Hongzhi (1494), Li Dongyang and Cheng Minzheng were appointed to teach common people in Hanlin Academy. In August, Xu Pu and other invitations, Li Dongyang Sheng Rite Right Waiter, concurrently as a Bachelor of Waiters and Lecturers, specially responsible for the writing of cabinet edicts.

In the eighth year of Hongzhi (1495), Li Zhaotong, the second son of Li Dongyang, died in February. Li Dongyang was appointed to the Cabinet of Ministers to participate in aircraft operations (cabinet) with his former official and Xie Qian.

In the ninth year of Hongzhi (1496), in March, Li Dongyang was appointed as the examiner of the temple.

In March, Li Dongyang and Xu Pu, Liu Jian and Xie Qian were appointed as chief executive officers to compile Daming Huidian. In September, Li Dongyang asked his eldest son, Li Zhaoxian, to be a prisoner.

In the eleventh year of Hongzhi (1498), in February, the Emperor Prince went out to study and gave Prince Li Dongyang Shaobao, the title of the Ministry of Rites Shangshu and a scholar of Wenyuange University to teach the Prince. In April, Li Dongming, the fourth brother of Li Dongyang, died.

Hongzhi 12 years (1499), in January, Jiang Xunzhen, a prison student, played Li Dongyang and Liu Jian to stop talking, jealous of virtue and ability, and asked for their dismissal. In March, the emperor asked Xu Jing and Tang Yin to cover the school, and neither of them was on the list. In July, Li Dongyang got sick haemorrhoids and was given medicine by Ming Xiaozong.

Hongzhi fourteen years (1501), in March, Li Dongyang resigned on the grounds of diseases such as dizziness, the emperor did not allow. In April, Li Dongyang again asked for resignation, and the emperor again refused to allow it. The Emperor was still not allowed to submit an invitation to resign in May. Li Zhao, Li Dongyang's eldest son, died in July. In November, Li Dongyang went to Fangshan to choose a cemetery for himself.

In the fifteenth year of Hongzhi (1502), in March, Li Dongyang acted as an examination paper officer. In August, Li Dongyang applied to be reimbursed for his stepchild, Li Zhaobo. In November, Ming Xiaozong gave Li Dongyang jade belt to weave gold clothes. In December, Li Dongyang participated in the compilation of Daming Huidian.

In the sixteenth year of Hongzhi (1503), in February, Ming Xiaozong gave Li Dongyang a red Python dress. On May 26, Li Dongyang, Liu Jian and Xie Qian asked for the compilation of the Compendium of General Inspection of the Past Dynasties, which was approved.

In the seventeenth year of Hongzhi (1504), on May 25, Li Dongyang's request to become an official was rejected by the emperor. On May 30, the emperor refused to allow Li Dongyang to seek official service in the event of disasters and disasters. In October, Li Dongyang suffered from hemorrhoids again. On December 15, Li Dongyang begged for retirement on the grounds of illness, but the emperor did not allow it. On December 25, the emperor refused to allow Li Dongyang to retire again.

In the eighteenth year of Hongzhi (1505), on February 21, Li Dongyang begged for retirement because of illness, but the emperor did not allow it. In March, Li Dongyang Chongdian was an examination paper officer. In May, Ming Xiaozong summoned Li Dongyang, Liu Jian and Xie to move into the Qianqing Palace to receive orders. Ming Xiaozong died and Ming Wuzong ascended the throne. In July, Li Dongyang promoted Shaofu and Prince Taifu with Xie Qian. The emperor refused to accept Li Dongyang's resignation. On August 13, Li Dongyang and Xie Qian together gave Dr. Guanglu the honor of the pillar country. The Emperor gave Li Dongyang his life and instructions from his great-grandparents, grandparents, parents and wife. In December, Li Dongyang was ordered to compile the Records of Xiaozong.

Folding Zhengde Period

In the first year of Zhengde (1506), in the first month, Li Dongyang and Xie Qian were ordered to share the banquet of knowing the Sutra. On February 23, Li Dongyang, Liu Jian and Xie Qian went up to beg for retirement, but the emperor refused to allow them. On February 29, Li Dongyang again begged for retirement with Liu Jian and Xie Qian, but the emperor refused. In July, the emperor set up the queen, and Li Dongyang acted as deputy ambassador to Naji, Nazheng and the ceremony of announcing the date. In September, Li Dongyang acted as the concubine of the deputy ambassador's book. On October 13, Li Dongyang, Liu Jian and Xie Qianshu begged for retirement. The emperor approved the departure of Liu and Xie, but left Li Dongyang alone. On October 15, Li Dongyang again went up to beg for retirement, but the emperor did not allow it. On October 16, Li Dongyangzuo begged for a temporary exemption from pilgrimage, only to be able to help the sick to serve in the cabinet, the emperor allowed. On October 24, Li Dongyang persuaded Jiaofang to resign as a part-time official. In November, Li Dongyang begged for retirement, but the emperor refused. On December 16, the emperor bestowed Master Li Dongyang, Prince Prince, Official Shangshu and Bachelor of Huagai Temple.

Zhengde two years (1507), in June, Li Dongyangjin "Tongjian compilation of past dynasties" a book, and then sick leave. In August, Li Dongyang wrote to ask for retirement, but the emperor did not allow it.

Zhengde three years (1508), in March, Li Dongyang served as the palace examination paper officer. In August, Li Dongyang suffered from various diseases of blood and phlegm and asked for rest. In September, Li Dongyang begged for retirement, but the emperor refused. In October, Li Dongyang begged for retirement again, but the emperor did not allow it.

Zhengde four years (1509), April, "Xiaozong Shilu" was written, Li Dongyang led 100 officials to the emperor. On April 15, the emperor and Li Dongyang enjoyed the first salary for compiling the records.

In the fifth year of Zhengde (1510), in September, Li Dongyang was honored by the emperor as an advanced left pillar country because of the peaceful civil unrest in Ningxia, and his stepson, Li Zhaobo, was named Shang Baocheng. In October, Li Dongyang married Kong Wenshao's daughter who died of illness. On November 19, Li Dongyang was impeached by Zhang Qin, the supervisor of Nanjing, for his vegetarian meal.

Zhengde six years (1511), March, Li Dongyang Chongdian examination paper officer. In May, Li Dongyang came to office with nosebleeds, hemorrhoids and other diseases. In November, Li Dongyang was ordered by the emperor to eat University salaries concurrently because of his nine years'merits, and gave him instructions, granting him a banquet at the ceremony.

Zhengde seven years (1512), September 24, Zhili, Shandong, Henan, Jiangxi and other volunteer forces were Ping, Li Dongyang to plan the merits of the emperor's order to reward silver two wrapped, and one of his son's nephews inherited Jinyi Wei Zheng thousand households. On October 4, Li Dongyang pleaded for thanks and resignation, and the emperor ordered Yin to be transformed into a six-character civil service. On December 27, Li Dongyang pleaded for retirement because of his old age and illness. With the emperor's permission, he gave praise to Li Dongyang. He ordered his commander to save time and ask questions. He treated Li Dongyang with eight stones for lunar eclipse. He was a Chinese scholar. On December 30, Li Dongyang thanked him.

In the eleventh year of Zhengde (1516), on July 20, Li Dongyang finally went to bed because of his illness. The Emperor Wuzong of Ming Dynasty presented Li Dongyang Taishi and Jian Wenzheng. On September 28, Li Dongyang was buried in the ancestral garrison of Wuwu village outside Xizhimen, the western city of Beijing.

Major Achievements

Folding Political Achievements

At the beginning of his official career, Li Dongyang's promotion was not smooth. He basically completed his nine-year term of office and did a long time as a lecturer, but still did not participate in activities such as banquets and daily lectures. This is because Li Dongyang "sleeps with his appearance, is funny, and is not overwhelmed by the time", so that "scholar talk is uneven". But when Li Dongyang was young, he didn't care about it. He showed a broad mind and rare political maturity.

After Li Dongyang took office, although he was a cabinet bachelor and an article leader, he made friends with many people. "When Li Wen was in the country, he went to court every day, and his students gathered in his family, all of them were famous people in the sea." Their seats are always full, and there is no room for empty talk about literature and art, which is far less than power. "

It can be seen that Li Dongyang's more tolerant attitude towards politicians, whether with scholar-officials or eunuchs, foreign relatives and so on, is still quite good, there is no clear personal opinion in politics, especially in the years of Zhengde, the world was derided as "Prime Minister of Food Accompaniment".

Folding Literary Achievements

Li Dongyang is a talented person who reads dozens of lines at a glance and never forgets to recite. To enter Hanlin less is to bear the heavy name of literature. "But Li Dongyang is very modest." He is persistent and modest. He has never tasted the wisdom of his predecessors. "

Li Dongyang, who has been presiding over the literary circle for decades, is an elegant and artistic poet and the core figure of Chaling Poetry School. There are also seal books and official scripts. His works include "Huailu Tang Manuscript", "Huailu Tang Poetry Talk", "Yan Duan Lu" and so on. Later, the Qing Dynasty edited "Huailu Tang Collection" and "Huailu Tang Complete Works" and so on.

Literature, Li Dongyang has three main points: First, he advocates learning from the ancients and opposes imitation. 2. Words come from the heart and poetry is true. Third, to nourish one's spirits by knowing one's words, and to cultivate one's spirits by writing.

Folding Calligraphy Achievements

Li Dongyang is good at seal script, official script, regular script, line script and cursive script, especially in seal script. He was a calligrapher during the transition from Taige style calligraphy in the early Ming Dynasty to Wumen style calligraphy in the middle Ming Dynasty. Li Dongyang's calligraphy has got rid of the shackles of the Tai Ge style in the early Ming Dynasty and played a connecting role in the style of calligraphy in the middle Ming Dynasty. Some calligraphers praised Li Dongyang for his "Changsha grass, medieval stunt!" exquisite flying, irrepressible, and elegant color, such as fine gold and beautiful jade, no cancer, clear talent, no dregs to come out. "The representative works include seal book"Introduction to Huai Su's Self-narrative Ties", regular script"Yong'an Ming", cursive script"Self-written Poetry Volume"and so on.

Character Evaluation

Sun Chengen, a member of Li Dongyang Gate, wrote Volume 46 of the Draft of the Caoxi Draft Hall: "Deyegao, Han and Meng. He is loyal to the Fourth World and devotes himself to the dangers of traveling through foreign lands. Merit is given to the world, but no one knows it. Character is embodied in the world and people wear salty clothes. The change of the internal court and the seizure of the Western aggressors were maintained in the right and left, and the final result was tamed and settled............................................. The prime minister's official career begins with Wei Xian, but his career has not been seen. Success and success invite old people, see in Pei Du, but the article is not biographical. It is also two long, but thanks to the evening festival, there is no good in the United States, such as my public sage. "

Xie Hui, a poet of the Ming Dynasty, wrote in The Poet's Narrative: "Li Xiyage is a good poet with many words under his door. Liu Meixuan Pavilion was always afraid of it. When he heard about people learning poetry, he said,'It was Li and Du who were just alcoholics. ''

The collection of Huailu Tang by the Qing Dynasty commented: "Talented people have no knowledge, and they walk alone for a while, but they are full of knowledge. Therefore, their poems are profound and vigorous, and there are many curious and horrible words, while the law is strict, the meaning is meaningful, and they all stand apart from the past. Every night, the paper is profusely stretched, dull overflowing, open to manipulation, free to do as it pleases without exceeding the rules. "

Commentary on Ming History: "Since Ming Dynasty, the governor has led the Gentleman with articles, and after Yang Shiqi, Dongyang is the only one."

Jin Gui commented on the collection of Jie'an Literature: "For more than forty years, those who leave their homes have family rules. Although they are alienated, they also steal their words. The standard fonts sound for a while at the end of competitive charm. "

Liao Kebin commented: "For a time, the scholar Yi Ranzong. "

Zhang Peiheng: Li Dongyang is a famous politician and writer in Ming Dynasty. He was promoted to Hanlin in the eighth year of Tianshun. He joined the cabinet for eight years and assisted the dynasty with Xu Pu, Liu Jian and Xie Qian. History has praised the rule of classics and governance. Zhengde changed yuan, Wuzong fainted, Liu Jin and other eunuchs stole government and abused the world. Liu Jian and a group of people of integrity went to the government in anger, and Li Dongyang was forced to stay, with the first assistant. Faced with Liu Jin and other fumigating flames, Li Dongyang could not help but follow the line of tolerance and seek perfection, but thanks to his mediation, many of them were saved, which enabled Liu Jin to be cleared up in four years and the government to be restored.

personal works

Personal poems:

Nan Xing Manuscript: Volume 1, Chenghua 8 years, only 26-year-old Li Dongyang accompanied his father Li Chun back to his ancestral home in Huguang Chaling Province. It lasted for July, and traveled thousands of miles, feasting on mountains and rivers, enjoying famous places, sending out articles and deleting them into this manuscript. This manuscript was published in the miscellaneous part of Huailu Tang Manuscript and is now in existence.

Beisheng Records: Volume 1. In the autumn of the 16th year of Chenghua, Li Dongyang and Luo Jing went to Nandu to take the Tianfu Township Examination. Fear of interfering with official duties, abstain from writing poems and essays. After the trial, such as the Yan Festival with Dr. Nandushi, singing and harmony. Defu I, Poetry 102, Joint Sentences II and Essays are all in one volume. The book was completed in Chenghua 16 years ago, and this manuscript was published in the miscellaneous records of Huailu Tang Manuscript.

"Lectures and Readings": Volume 2, which contains lectures and direct explanations written by Li Dongyang during his lectures in Chenghua from 12 to 7 years of Hongzhi. This manuscript was published in the miscellaneous part of Huailu Tang Manuscript and is now in existence.

San Mo Zhi Jie: This interpretation was also written by Li Dongyang as a lecturer of Hanlin. Not today.

"Crying Son Record": One volume, Li Zhaoxian, the eldest son of Li Dongyang, died of illness in Hongzhi fourteen years, aged 27. Many friends wrote poems to console them, and Li Dongyang answered them with as many as dozens of poems. This manuscript was published in the miscellaneous part of Huailu Tang Manuscript and is now in existence.

"Dongsi Lu": Three volumes. In the sixteenth year of Hongzhi, the Temple of Confucius in Queli was destroyed by fire and rebuilt the following year. Li Dongyang went as a cabinet minister. This collection of poems and essays is "Dongsi Lu". It contains Hongzhi Ben and Wang Lin's engraved edition in Zhengde's first year. Later, this manuscript was published in the miscellaneous records of Huailu Tang Manuscript, including single-line editions.

Jijulu: Volume one, in the spring of the thirteenth year of Chenghua, Li Dongyang took a vacation to recover from illness and refused to write poems. Instead, he collected ancient verses and satirized them for a short time. Dozens of them were collected in one volume in two months. Later, this manuscript was published in the miscellaneous part of Huailu Tang Manuscript, and it remains today.

Jiju Suilu: Volume 1, from the winter of Hongzhi 17 to the spring of 18, Li Dongyang Collected Ancient sentences in his illness and expressed his reward. There are dozens of them, all of which are in one volume. Later, this manuscript was published in the miscellaneous part of Huailu Tang Manuscript, and it remains today.

Ancient Yuefu: Volume 2. Li Dongyang highly praised the ancient lyrics of Yuefu in the Han and Wei Dynasties. During the Hongzhi years, he took the loyal officials, loyal men, chaste women and strange things recorded in the history books. Later, it will be written as one hundred and one pieces of Guyuefu, which will be written in two volumes in the early seventeenth year of Hongzhi. Later friends Xie Duo and Pan Chen commented on it, and disciple He Mengchun commented on it. There are many printed copies of this collection. Gu She, Wei Chun, Li Yipeng, Shi Zhenghong, Tang Yaochen, Longevity, He Taiji, etc. In Japan, there are movable type books and Koryo engravings. Li Dongyang collected this manuscript in Huailu Tang Manuscript before his death.

"Miscellaneous Comments on New and Old Tang Books": This is Li Dongyang's experience in reading Tang History. It was written before he joined the cabinet in Hongzhi seven years ago and later as a miscellaneous work. It was compiled as Volume 17 of Huailutang Manuscripts, entitled "Reading Tang History". Manuscripts are not found in books, but hand-seconds survive today.

Yan Duan Lu: Volume 2, Li Dongyang joined the Cabinet for eight years and became an official for seven years in Zhengde. He assisted the government for eighteen years successively. This compilation is the record of his being summoned to discuss politics during the period of assisting the government. It was compiled in Zhengde for nine years. This edition contains the edition of JiaoTai Record of Jiajing Period of Ming Dynasty and the copy of Guo Dynasty Allusions of Ming Dynasty.

"Tongsheng Ji": Volume 1. This collection is composed by Li Dongyang and Xie Duo, who sang in harmony with Hanlin. Chen Yin, a friend, is the quotation. This collection has not been printed, and it does not exist today.

"Post-Synonymous Collection": Volume 1. This collection contains the works of Li Dongyang and Xie Duo who sang harmoniously with Han Lin at the beginning of Hongzhi. Wu Kuanwei's preface. A total of 50 titles were included. This collection has not been printed, and it does not exist today.

"Liao Ju Lu": Five volumes are written by Li Dongyang, who has chatted with fellow scholars and scholar-bureaucrats. Li Dongyang prefaces himself. Wang Pu, Zhixian County, Dantu County, published the title of Wu Xixian, a lecturer. Sixty-nine people were used to talk. And Zhou Zijian's block-printed edition in Yunnan. Wang and Tuesday's engravings do not exist today.

Xiya Yuanyi Record: A volume of works presented by Li Dongyang and his friends Xiao Gu, Li Jing and Pan Chen to Xie Duo, prefaced by Wu Kuan. This volume does not exist today.

Li Xiya's Handwriting: A volume of poems and essays presented by Li Dongyang to his friend Xie Qian's father and son during Hongzhi and Zhengde periods. This volume does not exist today.

Xiya Poetry Seal: A volume, which contains the seal and poems sent by Li Dongyang to Xie Qian, a friend in Zhejiang Province, after he came to power. This volume does not exist today, and its poems can be found in the Continuation of Huailu Tang's Poems.

"Quit Records": Three volumes, Li Dongyang was appointed to the Cabinet for eighteen years, during which he begged to quit and thanked him. The three volumes are all a collection of these plays. This manuscript was published in the miscellaneous part of Huailu Tang Manuscript and is now in existence. After the Qing Dynasty, Huailu Tang Ji was deleted into one volume and only 19 pieces of music were retained.

Huailutang Poetry Talks: A Volume, which contains Li Dongyang's essays on poetry. During the reign of Zhengde, Wang Duo of Liaoyang published it in Yangzhou. Zhengde edition of Huailu Tang Manuscript was not included, but Qing people's Complete Works of Huailu Tang was included. Now we can see "Seven Poetry Talks" and so on.

Huailu Tang Manuscript: This is a collection of poems and essays written by Li Dongyang during his official career. There are 20 volumes of Poetry Manuscript, 30 volumes of Wen Manuscript, 30 volumes of Poetry Manuscript, 30 volumes of Wen Manuscript, and seven miscellaneous records, namely Nanxing Manuscript, Beisheng Manuscript and Lecture Reading Manuscript. It was compiled for Li Dongyang before he died. He Mengchun, a student of the Department of Poetry and Literary Draft, compiled them. This manuscript was first engraved in Zhengde 11 years. The Qing Dynasty engraved edition was titled "Collection of Huailutang" or "Complete Works of Huailutang". There are great differences between the Qing Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty. This manuscript remains today.

Huailutang Resumption: Volume 21, which mainly contains Li Dongyang's poems and essays during his four years in office, including eight volumes of poetry, twelve volumes of essays and one volume of supplements. The second year of Li Dongyang's death, that is, the twelfth year of Zhengde, was published by disciple Zhang Ruli in Suzhou. All the existing editions are incomplete to varying degrees.

"Li Wenzheng Gong Ji": Volume 2. This collection is the anthology of Li Dongyang's poems of various styles. Yu Xian in Longqing was collected in the front of "Hundred Poems of Sheng Ming Dynasty".

"Brief Notes with Lu Rui": Volume 1. This volume contains brief notes written by Li Dongyang to his friend Lu Rui. In Zhengde five years, Li Dongyang was the first and last bidder. No block copies have been found, and the manuscripts do not exist today.

This volume contains reciprocating letters by Li Dongyang and his friend Zhang Fu-hua, and edited by Zhang Aoshan. After Li Dongyang's journey in his later years. No prints, not today.

Participate in compiling poems:

Daming Huidian: One hundred and eighty volumes. Li Dongyang and Xu Pu, Liu Jian and Xie Qian were ordered to compile in March of Hongzhi Decade. They were completed in Hongzhi for fifteen years and were not published. In May of the fourth year of Zhengde, Quan Rong Liu Jin sent people to make a mistake and restrain Confucian officials. He ordered Li Dongyang and Jiao Fang, Yang Tinghe and other diplopia to be changed. In November of this year, Wu Zong wrote a preface to inspect and inscribe catalogues. Fifty-three volumes were renewed by Jiajing's eight-year-old ministers. In Wanli Period, 228 volumes of Shenshi's renewal of the imperial edict were published by the director of ceremonies.

The Summary of Compilation of General References of the Past Dynasties: Volume 92, compiled by Li Dongyang, Liu Jian and Xie Qian in May of the 16th year of Jingzhi, lasted four years and was compiled in June of Zhengde's second year. Wu Zong wrote the preface, which was published by Si Lijian. This book exists today.

Records of Ming Xiaozong: 224 volumes. Li Dongyang, Liu Jian and Xie Qian were compiled in December of Hongzhi's eighteenth year. They were compiled in April of Zhengde's fourth year. This book exists today.

"Queli Zhi": Thirteen volumes, this Zhi was initiated by Li Dongyang in Hongzhi seventeen years, and personally established by Chen Rong and others. Jiajing has a supplementary edition, and Sun Kong-zhen of Confucius'sixtieth generation in Wanli has seriously revised twelve volumes. In Chongzhen, Kong Xuzhi was revamped into 24 volumes. All books exist today.

Participate in the compilation of poems:

Guanyuan Yue: Volume 1. This book is a history of the theory of Tang Dynasty compiled by Li Dongyang. The original work is unknown. Tianshun eight years Li Dongyang occasionally purchased, sorting out the scraps, extracting seconds can be read more than 30 for a volume.

"The Manuscript of Emperor's Calligraphy in Xieyu Prefecture": This book is written by Li Dongyang's father, Li Chun. Li Dongyang revised it between Hongzhi and Chengdu. A block-printed edition between Zhengde and Zhengde. This book does not exist today.

"Erzhong mourning": Volume 1. This is a co-authored poem of Li Dongshan and Li Dongchuan, two brothers of Li Dongyang, who died early. Li Dongyang compiled it as a volume. This manuscript has not been printed, and the manuscript does not exist today.

Le Bo Manuscript: Ten volumes. This manuscript is a collection of poems and essays by Yue Zheng, father of Li Dongyang. Li Dongyang et al. This manuscript is now available in Hongzhi and Jiajing editions.

Cangzhou Poetry Collection: Ten volumes. This manuscript is composed of Zhang Tai's poems and essays, edited by Li Dongyang, Xie Duo and Wu Kuan. The three-year-old edition of Chenggui, Mao Yuan's supplementary edition of Jiajing, and the handwritten edition of Qing Dynasty, etc.

Li Wen Xi Gong Ji: Seventeen Volumes. This collection is collected by Li Chun, Li Dongyang's teacher. Between Hongzhi and Zhengde, Li Dongyang and Liu Daxia and Yang Yiqing were mutually revised. This collection is preserved in the thirty-five-year edition of Chen Ganyu in Jiajing.

"Mr. Jingchuan's Poetry Collection": This collection is Yang Shouchuan's poems, notes by Li Dongyang. No engraved copy has been found, but it does not exist today.

Bachelor's Poetry: A volume of poems collected by Li Dongyang and Gu Qing's disciples, expressing their nostalgia and wisdom, and writing a preface to them. No engraved copy has been found, but it does not exist today.

Anecdotes and Allusions

Folding Skillfully Answers King Taidi

When Li Dongyang was four years old, he was recommended as a prodigy. His father took him to visit King Taidi. Because of his short feet, Li Dongyang could not cross the threshold. When King Taidi saw this, he blurted out the couplet: "The prodigy's feet are short. Dongyang responds to the couplet: "Tianzimen is high". King Taidi happily put him on his knee, and saw his father standing aside, and then went out to the couplet: "Son sitting on his father, Li Dongyang answered:" Sister-in-law drowns uncle assistance, power is also. "

Li Dongyang and Cheng Minzheng, both prodigies, were called into the palace by King Taidi. It is said that King Taidi was eating crabs, so he put it on the couplet: "Crabs are covered with armor. "Cheng Minzheng echoes the way:" Phoenix is full of articles. "Li Dongyang calmly answered:" Spider belly full of meridians. The emperor said, "This child will be prime minister in the future. "On the third day after the palace examination, Li Dongyang won the third child prodigy.

Folding Poetry

After Li Dongyang was recommended as a prodigy, many literati and poets came to him to inscribe poems and try to see if his talent was worthy of the name. An old Hanlin embedded his name in a couplet and asked him to use "two-part" to continue: "Li Dongyang Heating. "Dongyang opposite way:" Liu Xia Huifeng and. "Old Hanlin was amazed.

During the reign of Zhengde, the Cabinet of Ministers Liu Jian and Xie Qian were demoted from Beijing, leaving Li Dongyang alone. At that time, Liu Jin was in control of the dynasty, and Li Dongyang was unable to go back to heaven alone. Someone drew a satirical picture of an ugly old lady riding on a bull and playing a flute. In the painting, the old lady's forehead was inscribed "This is Li Xiya (Li's name). It mocked Li Dongyang. Someone reported this to him, but he did not change his voice and wrote a single line: "Yang Fei died in Maweipo, and there was much resentment from Sai Zhaojun. Like Grandma riding on the back of a cow, spring breeze is a peaceful song. "Li played a key role in the subsequent struggle to overthrow Liu Jin.

Li Dongyang and Peng Ze have close contacts and often get paid for singing. Peng didn't appreciate Li Shi very much. Later, Peng Ze lost his official life and left Beijing for his hometown. Li Dongyang gave a poem: "Songs of lamentation are still in the ascendant in Chaodi, but the long Tan still needs to be played when it comes back." Autumn wind cloth brown clothes are still short, night rain rivers and lakes dream is also cold. Under the leaves of wood, when the age of surprise is late, human feelings can see difficulties. Chang'an travels to the flooded land, ashamed of Mr. Alfalfa tray. "Peng was deeply moved when he read the first four sentences, read the complete poem and burst into tears. Reciting dozens of times, he said to his son, "Now I find that Xiya's poems are so well written and have such a profound artistic conception. I wish I couldn't meet him again and talk about wine and poetry!“

Li Dongyang's youngest daughter was married to Kong Wenshao, Qufu, Shandong Province. Before she married, her daughter criticized Confucian gardens for their narrowness and scarcity of flowers and trees. For this reason, the Confucian family made great efforts in building, expanding houses and repairing pavilions and pavilions. Kong Wenshao, the grandson of Confucius 62, succeeded the Sage Gong in the 16th year of Hongzhi in the Ming Dynasty (1503 A.D.), "Ban Chao's first grade". In the same year, when the Confucian Garden was completed, the daughter of Dongyang married in that year and was named a pin lady. Three joys are at hand. After the feudation, Dongyang Daiyan Shenggong served as a thank-you watch and a gate couplet. Lianyun: "Retired with the state, prosperity and honor of the government; live together forever, article ritual and music sage family. "At this time, Dongyang is in its twilight years. It is full of loyalty to use words and phrases, to praise appropriately, to worry about the country and the people.

Folding Yifu Liu Jin

In Wuzong period of Ming Dynasty, Liu Jin, the eunuch, was good at power. Liu Jian, Li Dongyang and Xie Qian, the academicians, met with difficulties in the current situation and repeatedly asked for official service. Wuzong agreed to let Liu and Xie become officials, leaving Li Dongyang alone. Li Bu-an, said: "The minister and other three personnel are the same, and the minister stays alone, why self-indulgence? I do not know what to do. "Although he had been in the chapter for many times, he was eventually not allowed by Wuzong, but appointed as the head and assistant of the Cabinet, because Liu Jin valued his literary name. But most of his work depends on Liu Jin. According to legend, Liu Jin created Xuanzhen Outside Chaoyang Gate. Dongyang wrote inscriptions in praise of Liu Jin. Later, the court arrested Liu Jin and leaked the secret, which was believed to be the devil of Li Dongyang. Guozi Jianyi, a prison student, mocked him at his door while writing black poems: "The name of talent should be equal to that of Doushan, accompanied by food that is already in the west. Looking back on the spring of the Xiangjiang River, parrots are crowing and their sons are crowing. "Because the partridge crows as if" can't do it, Brother is better to go back ".

Folding and boasting

Li Dongyang has an only son named Zhao Xian, the word Zhengbo, since childhood, Ying Min is absolutely unique, has a number of lines of capital, writing articles, literary name is very high. It was called father. But Li Zhaoxian knight-errant excessive, every day looking for flowers and willows, so pathogenic. One day, Li Dongyang passed by his son's library and wrote on his desk, "Today's Liu Mo, Tomorrow's Flower Street. Burning ointment to follow the dial (a poem reading), talent and talent! "The intention is to persuade my son. When Li Zhaoxian returned home and saw this note, he went to Li Dongyang's study and wrote on the paper, "Today's yellow wind (a sudden wind) and tomorrow's black wind (a violent wind). "Harmonize Yin and Yang, and be fair to each other." People have been telling jokes. Later, Li Zhaoxian would get sick every time he entered the exam, so he did not succeed in the last one for a long time. He died of illness before he was 30 years old. Therefore, Li's family would never succeed. But in his Lutang Poetry Talks, Li Dongyang also exaggerated his son's "wisdom and great eyes come out of the Tang Dynasty".

Fold up the deathbed sign

According to legend, when Li Dongyang was dying, Cabinet Minister Yang Yiqing visited him and said that he wanted to give him an edict. Li Dongyang was so excited that he jumped up and kowtowed for it. Because Li and Yang are very close to each other, some people wrote poems and satire that "Wen Zheng has always been an advocate of Fan Wang, but now Wen Zheng is difficult. When the strong wind blows to the sycamore tree, others say that it is short and long. "

Family members

Folding Family History

Grandfather Gao: No name, Xingwuqi. Not official.

Great-grandfather: Li Wenxiang, second in line, was born in the army. At the beginning of Hongwu, he moved into the Beijing Division with the army. Li Dongyang's "Huailutang Manuscripts" Volume 30 "Epitaph of the Baihu Li Cemetery of Jinwu Zuowei, a former uncle" records that in the early days of Hongwu, my great-great-great-grandfather succeeded the two-mansion monarch-born volunteers, Li Jinan Wei, changed to the left guard of Yanshan.

Grandfather: Li Yunxing, the word Fuyong, Xing Yunsan. Serve on behalf of the father, and Jing Nangong, give small flags. Tiaojin Wu Zuo Wei.

Grandmother: Chen's, Wu Jinren.

Father: Li Chun, character element. No official, private school teacher. Father is sick, serve soup and medicine. My sister is a widow and keeps her for the rest of her life. She marries several of her children.

Mother: Liu, a soldier from Dongan, was 20 years old when he married Li Dongyang's father. He died early from illness and died in Jingtai for seven years.

Stepmother: Ma Shi and Wang Junyou have "Preface to Mrs. Shou Li Tai's Ninety Poems". We can see that Li Dongyang's stepmother Ma Shi's life span is over ninety.

Uncle: Li Ze, line run. Official to Jinwu Zuowei hundred households.

Folding Brother

Li Dongyang has four brothers and fathers, and his eldest son is Li Dongyang.

Second younger brother: Li Dongshan, the word is precious. From Liu's family. Li Dongyang and Li Dongyang were brothers and mothers. They were born on August 25, 2003 in Jingtai. They died on May 13, 12, in Chenghua, on May 24, 2002. See Li Dongyang's "Huailu Tang Wen Resumption" Volume 8 "Tomb Epitaph of Zhongdi Dongshan"

Three younger brothers: Li Dongchuan. From Liu's family. In nineteen nineteen, he died unmarried.

Fourth brother: Li Dongming, the word. It's from Mars.

Folding Wives and Concubines

Li Dongyang has married three wives successively. His concubines are unknown. He only knows that one son is a concubine, so he has at least one concubine.

Yuanpei: Liu Shi, a teacher from Beijing, presents a gift to his wife.

Second Marriage: Yue Dexi, the daughter of Mr. Mengquan's Yue Zheng, died in Chenghua for 11 years and was a pleasant gift. Li Dongyang's Huailu Tangwen Succession Volume 29, Epitaph of Aunt Song Madame, shows that Yue's name is one of his mother-in-law Song's four daughters.

Second Marriage: Zhu Shi, daughter of Zhu Yi, Chengguo Gong, and Mrs. Feng Yipin, died after Li Dongyang. Li Dongyang's "Huailu Tangwen Succession" Volume 10 "Epitaph of Zhu Mu Hu's Epitaph of Fengchengguo Lady" shows that his mother-in-law, Hu Shi, is the eldest daughter of Hu Liang, the father-in-law of Shang Shu Zhongan Gong Gong of the Ministry of Rites. He has four daughters and his second daughter marries Li Dongyang.

Folding Children

Son

There are four sons in Li Dongyang, two of whom are descendants and one is his stepson, who was passed on to Li Dongyang by his younger brother.

The eldest son: Li Zhaoxian, born in Chenghua in eleven years, was born in four months. His mother-in-law died of illness. Marry a wife, Pan Shi. Li Dongyang wrote in the twenty-four Epitaph of Son's Augury in the Later Draft of Huailu Tangwen that when he was eighteen years old, he fell ill in the examination room. Twenty-one-year-old fails to pass the test, depending on the shade of his father to become a national son. Twenty-four-year-old mistakenly wrote the test paper, failed. Twenty-seven died of illness before the examination.

Second son: Li Zhaotong, from Mrs. Zhu, died at the age of 10. Li Dongyang's "Huailu Tangwen Later Draft" Volume 30 "Er Zhao Tong Ming".

Side son: Xiao Ming Wusun, Shu Shu, died at the age of one. Li Dongyang in "Huailu Tang Poetry Draft" Volume 5 "Crying at noon" one of the sentence: children are not satisfied, and then for life.

Stepson: Li Zhaobo is the son of Li Dongming, the fourth brother of Li Dongyang. He passed on to Li Dongyang as stepson.

daughter

Li Dongyang has three women.

The eldest daughter: Li Ying, born by Mrs. Liu, was born in Chenghua for 7 years and married Cui Jie, Shang Bao Shaoqing. Li Dongyang has a poem "Ying Girl's Day" in his Southern Draft of Huailu Hall.

Second daughter: Li Ling, who was born by Mrs. Zhu, died in Chenghua in 18 years. She was only a few years old when she died. Li Dongyang loved her very much for her poems. "Huailutang Poetry Draft" Volume 15 "Crying Nuling"

Three Daughters: Nameless, born by Mrs. Zhu, born in Chenghua on November 26, 19, married Confucius'62nd-generation grandson, Kong Wenshao, who died at the age of 28. Li Dongyang has 30 volumes of Huailu Tangwen Successful Manuscript, The Epitaph of Sheng Gong Gong Fu of the Dead Daughter Yan.

Historical Records

The Manuscript of Ming Dynasty, Biography of Li Dongyang

History of the Ming Dynasty, Volume 181, Legend 69, Li Dongyang

Outside Records of Yaoshan Hall

Mingshan Tibet Volume 69

Guodou

"Only Records of Crimes"

The History of Ming Dynasty

Ming Tongjian

"Governing the World and Remaining News"

Hearing after the Century

Continued Collection of Books

Jinyan

Dian Ge Ci Lin Ji

Ming Ming Chen Wanlu

Supplementary Edition

Ming Confucianism Case

Hanlin Records