梵蒂冈博物馆的起源可以追溯到500年前购买的一座大理石雕像。这座名为拉奥孔与儿子们的雕像于1506年1月14日在圣母玛利亚主教堂附近的一个葡萄园里发掘出来。教皇儒略二世派Giuliano da Sangallo和米开朗琪罗去查看发掘成果。在他们的推荐下，教皇当机立断从葡萄园主那里买下了雕像。在发掘出雕像整一个月后，教皇就在梵蒂冈向公众进行了展示。

2006年10月梵蒂冈博物馆庆祝建馆500周年之际，向公众开放了梵蒂冈山丘上公墓的发掘现场。

梵蒂冈博物馆(The Vatican Museum)是西欧收费最贵的博物馆之一，而且开馆时间奇短--当地时间中午13:30就闭馆了。每个月末的周日，梵蒂冈博物馆免票，可以节省下来十几欧元。于是很多游客都会排长队进馆。在这里，我见识了人生中最壮观的一次排队。这只是队伍中间的一段，在它首尾还有非常非常长的一大段。

梵蒂冈博物馆，是世界上最早的博物馆之一，早在公元5世纪就有了雏形。16世纪时，博物馆与圣彼得大教堂同时扩建，总面积为5.5公顷，为故宫博物院的 1/13，展出面积与故宫相仿。

梵蒂冈博物馆，拥有12个陈列馆和5条艺术长廊，汇集了希腊、罗马的古代遗物以及文艺复兴时期的艺术精华，大都是无价之宝。

博物馆本来是罗马教皇的宫廷，后来被改造成为了梵蒂冈国家博物馆。主要以收藏艺术品为主，大部分是文艺复兴时期留下的艺术精髓，如米开朗琪罗创作的《创世纪》和《最后的审判》都藏于此，十分值得一看。同时，对于爱好考古的朋友来说，馆内对于一些古希腊、古罗马文物的收藏同样值得研究。当然，除了里面的藏品，博物馆本身的建筑风格也很值得称道。

 美术馆

(Museo Pio-Clementino)：以希腊罗马时代的雕刻最为精彩，名作有“克尼多斯的维纳斯”(Venus of Cnidus)、“沉睡的阿莉亚多尼”(Sleeping Ariadne)、“望楼的阿波罗”(AppoolBelvedere)、“劳孔”(Laocoon)、以及“望楼的躯干雕像”(Male Torso)等。

伊突利亚

(Museo Gregoriano-Etrusco)：以公元前四世纪前的收藏品为主，重要作品有公元前五世纪赤土制的“飞马”、公元前七世纪伊突利亚的青铜“特迪的战神像”、以及公元前四世纪的“黑像式双耳壶”(Black-Figure Amphora)等。

署名室

(Stanza della Segnatura)以天花板壁画“雅典学园”(The School of 

Athens)驰誉于世，是拉斐尔在25岁左右的作品，四幅主画为：“圣体的争论”、“雅典学园”、“三大德性”和“帕纳索斯山” (Parnassus) 。 *艾略多罗室(Stanza di Eliodoro)的作品以表现神意和奇迹的主题为焦点，“希略多拉斯的放逐” (Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple)描绘耶路撒冷遭掠夺的景象、“波塞纳的神奇弥撒”则表现足与提香媲美的色彩光辉。*拉斐尔回廊内的画作取材于旧约圣经，因此又被称为“拉斐尔的圣经”。回廊内最著名的画作为“波尔哥的火灾”(Fire in the Borgo)。

画廊

(The Vatican Pinacoteca)：画廊是梵谛岗美术馆中较新设置的部门，收藏了许多乔凡尼、卡拉瓦乔、拉斐尔和达文西的作品。其中最著名的有拉斐尔的“基督变容图”、达文西的“圣杰洛姆”和卡拉瓦乔的“基督下十字架”。

礼拜堂

(Cappella Sistina)：米开朗基罗的巅峰画作“创世纪”和“最后的审判”是镇堂之宝，长方形的礼拜堂两侧共有十二幅壁画，左侧六面描写以色列救星摩西的生平；右侧六面描绘耶稣的生平；顶棚的“创世纪”画出上帝创造世界的过程；“最后的审判”则位于正面壁上，充满绝望阴沉的气息。

 2019年5月28日，北京故宫博物院与梵蒂冈博物馆合作举办“传心之美——梵蒂冈博物馆藏中国文物展”在故宫神武门展厅开幕。本次展览首次将梵蒂冈博物馆收藏的中国文物带回中国展出，策展团队从梵蒂冈博物馆的藏品中精选出78件展品，涵盖了天主教艺术、佛教艺术和世俗艺术三个方面。为了使展览内容更为丰满生动，故宫博物院提供了与梵蒂冈博物馆展品相关的文物12件共同展出，其中包括两件珍贵的国家一级文物。

 卡拉瓦乔的几幅绘画，包括基督下葬 (1602 - 1603)；

列奥纳多·达芬奇的肖像画圣哲罗姆；

安吉利柯、乔托、 拉斐尔、尼古拉·普桑和提香的绘画作品；

原放置于圣乔凡尼大教堂的红色大理石教宗宝座；

古罗马雕塑、墓碑和碑铭，包括Lucius Cornelius Scipio Barbatus的墓志铭；

拉斐尔的大量作品，包括雅典学院；

Niccoline礼拜堂；

西斯廷礼拜堂：是因为艺术大师米开基罗在此创作了绘画珍品《创世纪》和《末日的审判》。顶棚的《创世纪》面积300平方米，由9幅中心画面组成，画出上帝创造世界的过程。《末日的审判》则位于正面壁上，充满绝望阴沉的气息，该画描绘的是世界末日来临时，基督把万民召集在自己面前，分出善恶的情景。

艺术家通过上帝分辨善恶，表达了自己爱憎分明的情感。米开朗基罗创作时，工作极为艰苦，谢绝一切助手。由于长期仰面作画，他颈项僵直，导致无法正常直立身体行走，看书读信都要放置在头顶仰视。歌德曾评论说，“没有到过西斯廷礼拜堂的人，无法了解一个人所能做的事。

地图廊：意大利各地全图，教皇格雷戈里十三世（1502年1月7日－1585年4月10日）委派佩鲁贾的Ignazio Danti绘于墙上。该画廊位于Belvedere庭院的西侧，长120米。Ignazio Danti 花了三年 (1580–1583) 完成了40幅画作。画廊天花上的装饰是一群风格主义画家（如Cesare Nebbia和Girolamo Muziano）的作品。

相关展品

太阳神阿波罗雕像大约于公元前282年完工，整体用大理石建成，表面用青铜包裹，内部用石头和铁柱加固，高约33米，与10层楼高的纽约自由女神像差不多。传说中雕像两腿分开站在港口入口处，过往船只都从雕像腿中间经过，从船上仰望宏伟的雕像，场面一定壮观吧。

公元前226年的大地震使这幢伟大的雕像从膝盖处折断，从此倒在了罗德斯港的岸边。“沉睡”了800多年后，公元654年，罗德斯岛被阿拉伯人入侵，残存的雕像被侵略者运到了叙利亚，从此便“杳无音讯”。

罗德斯岛太阳神像是七大奇迹中最神秘的一个，在短短56年间便倒下了。不过仅从这幅想象图中我们就能看出，它被称为七大奇迹之一应该是当之无愧的。

此巨像是太阳神阿波罗的青铜像，由无数镕化的武器和铜制品铸成。高约37公尺，像自由女神像那么高，矗立在希腊罗得岛上的罗得港港口，巨像的两脚横跨在入口港的两端，船只可以在胯下通过。据说建成后没几年便因强烈地震而倒塌，留下一片瓦砾，是七大奇观中寿命最短的一个。

《雅典学院》在《雅典学院》中，位居画面中心的柏拉图和亚里土多德，一个以指头指着上天，另一个则伸出右指指着他前面的世界，以此表示他们不同的哲学观点：柏拉图的唯心主义和亚里士多德的唯物主义。

以他们两人为中心，两侧分别画出的一些著名学者，形象生动，丝毫不显得杂乱。

 The Vatican Museum is located in the Catholic National Vatican in central Rome and is the smallest Museum in the world.

The Vatican Museum has six kilometers of exhibition space, among which the famous Sistine Chapel is the third or fourth Art Palace in Europe. The Museum covers a total area of 55,000 square meters. Its predecessor is the Pope's Palace. It is mainly used to collect and preserve rare cultural relics and art treasures.

The Vatican Museum dates back to a marble statue bought 500 years ago. The statue, Laocoon and his sons, was excavated in a vineyard near the Cathedral of Notre Dame on January 14, 1506. Pope Julian II sent Giuliano Da Sangallo and Michelangelo to see the results of the excavation. On their recommendation, the Pope decided to buy the statue from the vineyard owner. A month after the discovery of the statue, the Pope showed it to the public at the Vatican.

In October 2006, when the Vatican Museum celebrated its 500th anniversary, the excavation site of the Vatican Hill Cemetery was opened to the public.

The Vatican Museum is one of the most expensive museums in Western Europe, and its opening time is extremely short - it closes at 13:30 p.m. local time. On Sundays at the end of each month, the Vatican Museum is free of tickets, saving more than a dozen euros. So many tourists will queue up to enter the pavilion. Here, I saw the most spectacular queue in my life. It's just a section in the middle of the team, and there's a very, very long section at the beginning and at the end.

The Vatican Museum, one of the earliest museums in the world, took shape as early as the 5th century A.D. In the 16th century, the museum and St. Peter's Cathedral were expanded at the same time, covering a total area of 5.5 hectares, 1/13 of the Palace Museum. The exhibition area is similar to that of the Palace Museum.

The Vatican Museum has 12 pavilions and 5 art galleries, bringing together ancient relics of Greece and Rome and the essence of Renaissance art.

Originally the Pope's court, the museum was later transformed into the Vatican National Museum. It mainly collects works of art, most of which are the essence of Renaissance art, such as Genesis and the Last Judgment by Michelangelo. It is worth seeing. At the same time, for archaeological friends, the museum's collection of some ancient Greek and Roman cultural relics is also worth studying. Of course, in addition to the collection, the museum's own architectural style is also commendable.

On May 28, 2019, the Beijing Palace Museum and the Vatican Museum jointly held the "Beauty of Heart - the Vatican Museum Collection of Chinese Cultural Relics" in the Palace Museum Shenwu Gate Exhibition Hall. The exhibition is the first time that the Chinese cultural relics collected by the Vatican Museum are brought back to China for exhibition. The curatorial team selected 78 exhibits from the Vatican Museum collection, covering three aspects: Catholic art, Buddhist art and secular art. In order to make the exhibition more full and vivid, the Palace Museum provides 12 cultural relics related to Vatican Museum exhibits, including two valuable national first-class cultural relics.

The Apollo statue was completed in about 282 B.C. and was built entirely of marble. It was wrapped in bronze on the surface and reinforced with stone and iron pillars inside. It was about 33 meters high, similar to the 10-storey Statue of Liberty in New York. Legend has it that statues stand on two legs separately at the port entrance. Past ships pass through the statue legs and look up at the magnificent statues from the ship. The scene must be spectacular.

The great statue was broken from its knees by the earthquake of 226 B.C. and collapsed on the shore of Port Rhodes. More than 800 years later, in 654 AD, Rhodes Island was invaded by Arabs, and the remaining statues were transported to Syria by the invaders. Since then, there has been "no news".

The sun god of Rhodes Island is the most mysterious of the seven miracles. It fell in just 56 years. But as we can see from this picture alone, it should be well-deserved to be called one of the seven miracles.

The colossal statue is the bronze statue of Apollo, the sun god. It is made of numerous brazed weapons and bronze products. About 37 meters tall, as tall as the Statue of Liberty, stands at the port of Rhode on the Greek island of Rhode. The statue's feet span both ends of the entrance port, and ships can pass under its crotch. It is said that a few years after its completion, it collapsed due to a strong earthquake, leaving a piece of rubble, which is the shortest life span of the seven wonders.

In Athens College, Plato and Aristotle, who are at the center of the picture, point their fingers to heaven and their right fingers to the world ahead of them to express their different philosophical views: Plato's idealism and Aristotle's materialism.

With the two of them as the center, some famous scholars painted on both sides are vivid and not at all messy.