皇家安大略博物馆(Royal Ontario Museum, 简称ROM),位于加拿大安大略省多伦多市中心,是北美洲第5大博物馆。于1912年4月16日由安大略省政府创立,至1955年止曾由多伦多大学管理。
中国美术网 09-17 浏览
皇家安大略博物馆(Royal Ontario Museum)简称ROM。其主要内容是考古学、美术、生物学。馆内有着各式各样的收藏品,例如木乃伊、中国陵墓等等。它是加拿大最大同时也是拥有最多收藏品的博物馆,它包含的项目有自然科学、动物的生态、艺术及人类学等等。
全馆总共有五层楼。博物馆有一个特别的地方,那就是那里
收有很多中国的艺术品及古董,是全世界上收集中国收藏品的大本营。除了中国之外,还有希腊、埃及、罗马等其它国家的珍贵收藏品。当然,也有最受现在欢迎讨论的恐龙化石被此馆所收集。近期更有一窟仿造的蝙蝠穴在本馆展览,这个蝙蝠穴是在牙买加被发现的,算是后期的收藏品。
皇家安大略博物馆是加拿大顶级的博物馆,也是到访多伦多的游客必到之处。它是加拿大最大同时也是拥有最多收藏品的博物馆,博物馆坐落于多伦多市中心,里面有多间永久陈列展厅,并时常举办国际巡回展,是集世界文化和自然历史为一体的综合性博物馆。
水晶展厅
由丹尼尔里伯斯金设计的加拿大皇家安大略博物馆新附属建筑被称为“Lee-Chin水晶宫”,它是一座面积达17.5万平方英尺、屋顶用铝和玻璃覆盖的建筑,新建的两层主体结构中容纳了7个展厅和两个特别展区以及新的餐饮区和一个新的主入口大厅。是丹尼尔标志性的棱角美学和水晶形状。
“水晶宫”由5座相互联结、自我支撑的棱形结构组成,基本上没有一个正角,倾斜的墙体塑造出独特的内部空间,体量较大,十字形的连廊穿过位于中间的“精灵屋” (SpiritHouse),明亮的窗户使室内充满自然光并为城市增添了奇特的景观。新附属建筑是博物馆2.5亿美元改扩建工程的主要部分,将于2009年完成。
扩建部分开放以后,成为人们追捧的对象。尽管丹佛艺术博物馆和ROM相隔1500英里,但是两座建筑都有着利贝斯金德标志性的棱角美学和水晶形状。而且它们都有着舰首一样的楼体,昂首于公共空间之上。
人文厅
三楼的人文厅包括了埃及,希腊以及伊达拉里亚,伊斯兰,罗马,青铜时代到一战时期的军事武器,20世纪20,30年代法国流行的装饰派艺术(ArtDeco)品,欧洲北美的20世纪的犹太人的生活,中世纪到20世纪的装饰艺术的演变,玻璃工艺,以及即将修建的新的皇家安大略博物馆的图纸和模型。
馆内还收藏了埃及文物(如木乃伊),矿物和蔚为奇观的脊椎动物化石(如恐龙化石)。此外还有鸟类馆,种类繁多的鸟类标本按顺序整齐的被放置在抽屉里。
博物馆以收藏丰富的中国艺术品而享誉于国际,这些展品陈列在博物馆主楼,从中国帝王服饰到一座包括了石刻拱门、石人石马、祭台和墓穴的明代陵墓,种类之多样、独特,是中国本土以外收藏中国艺术品最丰富的博物馆。此外,馆中还有埃及、罗马和希腊的艺术杰作,以及古老的欧洲武器馆、乐器馆,其中最吸引少年儿童的莫过于生命进化和恐龙等主题陈列。
此外馆内还有鸟类馆,这里充满着无奇不有的鸟类标本,这些标本按顺序整齐的被放置在抽屉里,使游客可以清楚的找到珍奇的鸟类标本。在博物馆的另一处,游客还可以欣赏到昂贵闪亮的珠宝和金饰,其中一些还附有历史价值,非常宝贵。馆内还设有咖啡馆,价钱也非常合理,供准备歇脚的游客来此进餐。
在加拿大多伦多市的安大略皇家博物馆,中国文物的陈列,几乎要占去主楼第一层展览室面积的二分之一。其中特别珍贵的,是从殷商王朝首都的废墟中发掘出来的甲骨。这些甲骨,是殷人占卜时用过的东西;上面刻有文字,是有关这次占卜活动的过程及其前因后果的记录。这种文字被称为甲骨文。
四个中国展厅包括:古代艺术、佛教艺术、建筑艺术和雕塑造像。进入中国文物馆,第一个映入眼帘的便是以怀履光命名的中国寺庙艺术展区,主要陈列13世纪后期中国寺庙壁画,以及同时期佛教和道教的木雕文物。
在展区的墙壁上,分别镶嵌着三张巨幅壁画。其中最大的一幅名为“弥勒佛的乐园”,在这幅宽11.6米、高5.8米的壁画上,人物神态各异,栩栩如生。展区内展板文字显示这张壁画来自山西(稷山)兴化寺,是中国古代元朝寺庙壁画中的精品。分列两侧的壁画尺寸也不小,藏品疑来自山西(平顺)龙门寺。为了保护这些文物,除了壁画前面设立小栅栏外,灯光也比其他展厅昏暗,且不允许用闪光灯拍照。
来自山西的巨幅元代壁画、菩萨造像、三彩罗汉等在内的展品都可称为精美绝伦。走进博物馆的中国文物展厅,陶瓷、青铜器、甲骨等大量的中国艺术珍品让人眼花缭乱。在怀履光主教中国寺庙艺术展室中,大量的佛教造像、壁画吸引了来自世界各地的观众:释迦牟尼坐像、莲花手菩萨立像、观音、文殊、普贤三大士坐像,无不体现着中国古代佛造像艺术的魅力。
几十年来,皇家安大略博物馆一直收藏着世界顶级的中国古董。从玉器到陶器,从寺庙壁画到青铜器,皇家安大略博物馆的藏品令人叹为观止。
由中国学者董林夫所著,多伦多大学出版社出版的《跨文化与信仰》书称,这些古董是由一位名叫怀履光的加拿大传教土偷偷带出中国的。书中写道,这位圣公会主教有时将古董装进其他砖彰士的行李中以免被发现,有时通过不大可能受到检查的偏僻火车站偷运古董。
上世纪二三十年代,中国因内战而动荡不安,外国博物馆趁机搜罗大量中国古代珍宝,从而收集起数量惊人的藏品,许多中国人对此感到愤怒。
中国媒体抨击另一座加拿大博物馆展出从中国古代墓穴中盗走的近500件古董,争议再次爆发。中国各家报纸和网站纷纷表示,维多利亚艺术馆的展览是“不道德的”,“是在煽动非法走私”。
尽管中国政府从未正式要求皇家安大略博物馆归还文物,但怀履光主教常常遭到评论人士的声讨,要求将他的藏品物旧原主。一些报纸还谴责他掠夺中国的珍宝。
The Royal Ontario Museum is called ROM for short. Its main contents are archaeology, art and biology. There are various collections in the museum, such as mummies, Chinese mausoleums and so on. It is Canada's largest museum with the largest collection, including natural sciences, animal ecology, art and anthropology.
The Museum has five floors altogether. The Museum has a special place. That's where it is.
It collects a lot of Chinese art and antiques, and is the world's headquarters for collecting Chinese collections. In addition to China, there are precious collections from Greece, Egypt, Rome and other countries. Of course, some of the most popular dinosaur fossils are collected by the museum. Recently, a fake cave of bats was exhibited in this museum. This cave was found in Jamaica and is a later collection.
The Royal Ontario Museum is one of Canada's top museums and a must for visitors to Toronto. It is Canada's largest museum with the largest collection. The museum is located in the center of Toronto. It has many permanent exhibition halls and often holds international tours. It is a comprehensive museum integrating world culture and natural history.
The new annex to the Royal Ontario Museum of Canada, designed by Daniel Lieberskin, is called Lee-Chin Crystal Palace. It is a 175,000-square-foot building with aluminum and glass roofs. The new two-storey main structure contains seven exhibition halls, two special exhibition areas and a new catering area. New main entrance hall. It's Daniel's iconic corner aesthetics and crystal shape.
Crystal Palace is composed of five prismatic structures which are connected and self-supporting. Basically, there is no right angle. The inclined wall creates a unique interior space with a large volume. The cross-shaped corridor passes through the "Elf House" in the middle. The bright window fills the interior with natural light and adds a peculiar landscape to the city. 。 The new subsidiary building is the main part of the $250 million renovation and expansion project of the museum, which will be completed in 2009.
After the opening up of the expansion part, it has become the object of people's pursuit. Although the Denver Museum of Art and the ROM are 1500 miles apart, both buildings have Libeskind's iconic angular aesthetics and crystal shape. And they all have the same building as the warship's bow, which is above the public space.
Office of Humanities
The Humanities Hall on the third floor includes military weapons from Egypt, Greece and Idalaria, Islam, Rome, the Bronze Age to World War I, popular French decorative works of art in the 1920s and 1930s, Jewish life in Europe and North America in the 20th century, the evolution of decorative art from the Middle Ages to the 20th century, and glass crafts. And drawings and models of the new Royal Ontario Museum to be built.
Egyptian cultural relics (such as mummies), minerals and spectacular vertebrate fossils (such as dinosaur fossils) are also collected in the museum. In addition, there is the Bird Gallery, where a wide variety of bird specimens are placed in a drawer in an orderly manner.
The museum is renowned internationally for its rich collection of Chinese art. These exhibits are displayed in the main building of the museum, ranging from Chinese imperial clothes to a Ming Dynasty mausoleum including stone-carved arches, stone horses, altars and tombs. They are of various and unique types and are the most abundant museum collecting Chinese art outside China. In addition, there are masterpieces of Egyptian, Roman and Greek art, as well as ancient European weapons and musical instruments museums. Among them, the themes of life evolution and dinosaurs are the most attractive for children.
In addition, there is the Bird Gallery, which is full of unusual bird specimens. These specimens are placed in a drawer in order, so that visitors can clearly find rare bird specimens. On the other side of the museum, visitors can also enjoy expensive and shiny jewelry and gold jewelry, some of which have historical value and are very valuable. There is also a cafe in the cafe, and the price is very reasonable for tourists who are ready to stop for dinner.
At the Royal Museum of Ontario in Toronto, Canada, the display of Chinese cultural relics accounts for almost one-half of the area of the exhibition room on the first floor of the main building. Among them, the Oracle bones, which were excavated from the ruins of the capital of the Yin and Shang dynasties, are particularly valuable. These oracle bones were used by the Yin people in divination, and inscribed on them were records of the process of divination and its causes and consequences. This kind of writing is called oracle bone inscription.
The four Chinese exhibition halls include ancient art, Buddhist art, architectural art and sculpture. Entering the Chinese Museum of Cultural Relics, the first one to come into sight is the Chinese Temple Art Exhibition Area named Huailiguang, which mainly displays the frescoes of Chinese temples in the late 13th century, as well as the wooden sculptures of Buddhism and Taoism in the same period.
On the walls of the exhibition area, there are three giant murals. One of the largest paintings is called "Paradise of Maitreya Buddha". On this 11.6-meter-wide and 5.8-meter-high mural, the figures have different and vivid features. The text on the exhibition boards shows that the mural is from Xinghua Temple in Jishan, Shanxi Province. It is a fine work of temple murals in the Yuan Dynasty in ancient China. The murals on both sides are not small in size, and the collection is suspected to come from Longmen Temple in Pingshun, Shanxi Province. In order to protect these cultural relics, besides setting up small fences in front of murals, the lighting is dimmer than other exhibition halls, and flash photography is not allowed.
The huge Yuan murals, statues of Bodhisattvas and tri-coloured Arhats from Shanxi are all exquisite. Entering the museum's exhibition hall of Chinese cultural relics, a large number of Chinese art treasures such as ceramics, bronzes, oracles and bones are dazzling. In the exhibition room of Bishop Huailiguang's Chinese temple art, a large number of Buddhist statues and murals have attracted audiences from all over the world: the statues of Sakyamuni, the statues of Lotus Hand Bodhisattva, Guanyin, Wenshu and Puxian, which all reflect the charm of ancient Chinese Buddhist statue art.
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