贝纳迪诺.平图里乔Bernardino Pinturicchio

贝纳迪诺Bernardino Pinturicchio（1454年—1513年），意大利画家。

中文名贝纳迪诺.平图里乔
外文名Bernardino Pinturicchio
性别男
国籍意大利
出生地意大利
出生日期1454年
逝世日期1513年
职业画家

传记

早期

克莱尔沃的贝纳德之间的路易的图卢兹和安东尼•帕多瓦,Bufalini教堂,圣玛丽亚在Aracoeli,罗马。

他出生在佩鲁贾的儿子Benedetto或Betto di Blagio。他可能下训练不太知名Perugian画家等Bonfigli和(di Lorenzo。根据瓦萨里,平图里乔是一个助理佩鲁基诺.

Perugian文艺复兴的作品学校非常相似,由佩鲁基诺和绘画,平图里乔,瞧著和一个年轻的拉斐尔可能经常被误解的。在执行大型壁画、学生和助理有很大一部分的工作,无论是在扩大全尺寸的漫画大师的素描,在将卡通在墙上,或画背景或配件。

在Santa Maria del Popolo在罗马工作

圣杰罗姆描绘在他孤立叙利亚沙漠。^[1]沃尔特斯艺术博物馆。

后帮助佩鲁基诺在他的壁画在西斯廷教堂平图里乔是受雇于拉诺拉家庭装修的各个成员Semi-Gods天花板的宫殿一些Penitenzieri还有一系列的教堂的教会Santa Maria del Popolo,他似乎已经从1484年或更早,到1492年。”是,如果它已经离开了原来的装饰,最好的纪念碑之一Pintoricchio在意大利的艺术。大量仍然存在,但已经有很多冲走”,总结了他的工作在那大殿Evelyn Phillipps 3月。^[2]

最早的作品是一个祭坛的装饰品朝拜的牧羊人,拉诺拉教堂,第一个教堂(西方)南部,由红衣主教多梅尼科拉诺拉。在弦月窗穹窿下平图里乔画小的生活场景圣杰罗姆。彩色的墙装饰金黄金黄的背景可能是绘画的灵感整座罗马城,属于最早在罗马和最高质量的。

他画的壁画Cybo教堂,由枢机主教洛伦佐Cybo de玛丽在16世纪,1682年被毁,教堂被红衣主教重建Alderano Cybo。圣母和孩子的旧壁画平图里乔脱离墙和发送的红衣主教马萨在1687年。片段被重用的公爵的教堂的祭坛的装饰品马萨大教堂.^[3]

第三个南部是教堂Girolamo男低音歌手拉诺拉的侄子,教皇西克斯图斯四世,主教Recanati。的低音部拉诺拉教堂之间包含一个好的装饰画的麦当娜为四圣人,和东非常豪爽地由壁画假设的处女。库及其半月形丰富装饰着小的照片圣母的生活,周围优美的阿拉贝斯克;护墙板都是单色的绘画从圣人的生活场景,为长椅,非常优雅和有力地吸引女性人物完整长度的影响卢卡Signorelli可能被追踪。

在科斯塔教堂,平图里乔和他的一个助手画四个拉丁医生半月形的金库。这些壁画是由水分和遭受明显受伤的恢复。最后完成的画作平图里乔在这个教堂唱诗班背后的拱顶上发现,他画装饰壁画,与主线安排适合周围环境巧妙的方式。的中心是一个八角形的小组加冕的处女,和它周围的徽章四个布道者。它们之间的空间是由倾斜的人物四个女预言家。在每个穹隅是图的四个医生坐在外树冠。单独的这些照片的乐队有精致的阿拉贝斯克黄金地面,和整个涂上广泛而有效的接触,很告诉当看到(在一定情况下)从下面的相当大的距离。没有比这更好的标本的装饰可以看到一个简单的由四分组成的库。

在梵蒂冈图书馆工作

1492年平图里乔被传唤奥维多,他画了两个先知和两个医生的大教堂。然后他回到罗马,并被采用教皇亚历山大六世(博尔吉亚)装修最近完成的一套六个房间,Appartamenti博尔吉亚在梵蒂冈。这些房间现在梵蒂冈图书馆的组成部分,和五个依然保留一系列平图里乔壁画。翁布里亚语画家在这些房间,直到1494年左右,他的学生的帮助下,没有中断。他其他首席在罗马壁画,仍然存在一个非常真实的状态,是那些Bufalini教堂在西南的部门圣玛丽亚Ara的恩泽,可能执行1484 - 1486左右。在坛上墙的大画锡耶纳的圣贝纳迪诺天使之间的其他两个圣人,加冕;在上部是一个图的基督mandorla,周围的天使音乐家;左边的墙是一个大型壁画的奇迹由圣贝纳迪诺的尸体,其中包括赞助Bufalini家族成员的肖像。

一组三个雌性,中心人物和一个孩子在她的乳房,回忆的恩典拉斐尔的第二个方式。在圣主组的组成的尸体似乎已经被建议乔托的绘画圣方济各在他的棺材中圣十字区在佛罗伦萨。金库是四圣的布道者,通常归因于卢卡Signorelli,但更有可能的是,与其他在这个教堂壁画,平图里乔的手。在圣器安置所的金库圣塞西莉亚Trastevere,平图里乔画全能者的布道者包围。在访问奥维多1496年,平图里乔画两个数字的拉丁医生在大教堂唱诗班。现在,就像他的其它作品,奥维多这些数据几乎摧毁了。对于这些他收到五十枚金币。在翁布里亚,是他的杰作Baglioni教堂在美国的教堂玛丽亚马焦雷Spello.

在他的面板图片下面是最重要的。s . Maria de的装饰画的Fossi在佩鲁贾,画在1496 - 1498年,现在搬到城市的画廊,是一个麦当娜为圣人,非常详细地画;祭坛装饰的翅膀已经站的数据圣奥古斯汀和圣杰罗姆;祭坛的台已经在微型画报喜和布道者。在精致的细节,另一个精美的装饰画相似,可能画大约在同一时间,在大教堂的圣塞韦里诺——麦当娜为往下看向跪捐献者。天使在美丽的脸和表情方面召回的方式Lorenzo di Credi或达芬奇.

梵蒂冈美术馆拥有最大的平图里乔的面板——维珍的加冕典礼,与下面的使徒和其他圣人。几个全副武装的肖像出现在跪着圣人。圣母,他跪在耶稣的脚前要接受她的皇冠,图的是一个温柔和美丽,和较低的组织是由伟大的技巧和优雅的安排。

1504年,他设计的马赛克地板锡耶纳大教堂:命运的故事,或美德的山。这是执行的保罗Mannucci在1506年。上面的面板中,知识的手的手掌胜利苏格拉底.

的阿什莫尔博物馆(牛津大学),Biblioteca Ambrosiana(米兰)克利夫兰艺术博物馆,考陶尔德学院(伦敦)丹佛艺术博物馆,菲茨威廉博物馆(剑桥大学)檀香山艺术博物馆,罗浮宫,波士顿美术博物馆,伦敦国家美术馆,宫殿Ruspoli(罗马)费城艺术博物馆,Pinacoteca Ambrosiana(米兰),普林斯顿大学艺术博物馆,沃尔特斯艺术博物馆在巴尔的摩,梵蒂冈博物馆和美术博物馆(布达佩斯)是公众持有平图里乔的作品集合。

English Introduction

Biography

Early years

He was born in Perugia, the son of Benedetto or Betto di Blagio. He may have trained under lesser known Perugian painters such as Bonfigli and Fiorenzo di Lorenzo. According to Vasari, Pinturicchio was a paid assistant of Perugino.

The works of the Perugian Renaissance school are very similar; and paintings by Perugino, Pinturicchio, Lo Spagna and a young Raphael may often be mistaken one for the other. In the execution of large frescoes, pupils and assistants had a large share in the work, either in enlarging the master's sketch to the full-sized cartoon, in transferring the cartoon to the wall, or in painting backgrounds or accessories.

Work in Santa Maria del Popolo in Rome

After asssting Perugino in his frescoes in the Sistine Chapel, Pinturicchio was employed by various members of the Della Rovere family to decorate the Semi-Gods Ceiling of Palazzo dei Penitenzieri and also a series of chapels in the church of Santa Maria del Popolo, where he appears to have worked from 1484, or earlier, to 1492. "Would be, if it had been left with all its original decorations, one of the finest monuments to Pintoricchio’s art in Italy. A great deal still remains, but much has been swept away", sums up his work in that basilica Evelyn March Phillipps.^[2]

The earliest of his works is an altarpiece of the Adoration of the Shepherds, in theDella Rovere Chapel, the first chapel (from the west) on the south, built by CardinalDomenico della Rovere. In the lunettes under the vault Pinturicchio painted small scenes from the life of St Jerome.The polychrome grotesque wall decoration on yellow-gold background were probably inspired by the paintings of the Domus Aurea, and belong the earliest and highest quality of their kind in Rome.

The frescos which he painted in the Cybo Chapel, built by Cardinal Lorenzo Cybo de Mariin the beginning of the 16th century, were destroyed in 1682, when the chapel was rebuilt by Cardinal Alderano Cybo. The old fresco of the Virgin and the Child by Pinturicchio was detached from the wall and sent by the cardinal to Massa in 1687. The fragment was re-used as the altarpiece of the Ducal Chapel of the Cathedral of Massa.^[3]

The third chapel on the south is that of Girolamo Basso della Rovere, nephew of Pope Sixtus IV, and bishop of Recanati. The Basso Della Rovere Chapel contains a fine altarpiece of theMadonna enthroned between Four Saints, and on the east side a very nobly composed fresco of theAssumption of the Virgin. The vault and its lunettes are richly decorated with small pictures of the Life of the Virgin, surrounded by graceful arabesques; and the dado is covered with monochrome paintings of scenes from the lives of saints, illusionistic benches, and very graceful and powerfully drawn female figures in full length in which the influence of Luca Signorelli may be traced.

In the Costa Chapel, Pinturicchio or one of his helpers painted the Four Latin Doctors in the lunettes of the vault. Most of these frescoes are considerably injured by moisture and have suffered little from restoration. The last paintings completed by Pinturicchio in this church are found on the vault behind the choir, where he painted decorative frescoes, with main lines arranged to suit their surroundings in a skillful way. In the centre is an octagonal panel of theCoronation of the Virgin, and surrounding it, are medallions of the Four Evangelists. The spaces between them are filled by reclining figures of the Four Sibyls. On each pendentive is a figure of one of the Four Doctors enthroned under a niched canopy. The bands which separate these pictures have elaborate arabesques on a gold ground, and the whole is painted with broad and effective touches, very telling when seen (as is necessarily the case) from a considerable distance below. No finer specimen of the decoration of a simple quadripartite vault can be seen anywhere.

Works in the Vatican Library

In 1492 Pinturicchio was summoned to Orvieto, where he painted two Prophets and two of the Doctors in the Cathedral. He then returned to Rome, and was employed by Pope Alexander VI (Borgia) to decorate a recently completed suite of six rooms, theAppartamenti Borgia in the Vatican. These rooms now form part of the Vatican library, and five still retain a series of Pinturicchio frescoes. The Umbrian painter worked in these rooms till around 1494, assisted by his pupils, and not without interruption. His other chief frescoes in Rome, still existing in a very genuine state, are those in the Bufalini Chapel in the southwest sector of Santa Maria in Ara Coeli, probably executed around 1484-1486. On the altar wall is a grand painting of St Bernardino of Siena between two other saints, crowned by angels; in the upper part is a figure of Christ in a mandorla, surrounded by angel musicians; on the left wall is a large fresco of the miracles performed by the corpse of St Bernardino, which includes portraits of members of the sponsoring Bufalini family.

One group of three females, the central figure with a child at her breast, recalls the grace of Raphael's second manner. The composition of the main group round the saint's corpse appears to have been suggested by Giotto's painting of St. Francis on his bier found in Santa Croce at Florence. On the vault are four noble figures of the Evangelists, usually attributed to Luca Signorelli, but more likely, as with the rest of the frescoes in this chapel, by the hand of Pinturicchio. On the vault of the sacristy of Santa Cecilia in Trastevere, Pinturicchio painted the Almighty surrounded by the Evangelists. During a visit to Orvieto in 1496, Pinturicchio painted two more figures of the Latin Doctors in the choir of the Duomo. Now, like the rest of his work at Orvieto, these figures are almost destroyed. For these he received fifty gold ducats. In Umbria, his masterpiece is the Baglioni Chapel in the church of S. Maria Maggiore in Spello.

Among his panel pictures the following are the most important. An altarpiece for S. Maria de' Fossi at Perugia, painted in 1496-1498, now moved to the city's picture gallery, is a Madonna enthroned among Saints, very minutely painted; the wings of the retable have standing figures of St Augustine and St Jerome; and the predella has paintings in miniature of the Annunciation and the Evangelists. Another fine altarpiece, similar in delicacy of detail, and probably painted about the same time, is that in the cathedral of San Severino — the Madonna enthroned looks down towards the kneeling donor. The angels at the sides in beauty of face and expression recall the manner of Lorenzo di Credi or Da Vinci.

The Vatican picture gallery has the largest of Pinturicchio's panels — the Coronation of the Virgin, with the apostles and other saints below. Several well-executed portraits occur among the kneeling saints. The Virgin, who kneels at Christ's feet to receive her crown, is a figure of great tenderness and beauty, and the lower group is composed with great skill and grace in arrangement.

In 1504 he designed a mosaic floor panel for the Cathedral of Siena: the Story of Fortuna, or the Hill of Virtue. This was executed by Paolo Mannucci in 1506. On top of the panel, Knowledge hands the palm of victory to Socrates.

The Ashmolean Museum (University of Oxford), Biblioteca Ambrosiana (Milan), the Cleveland Museum of Art, the Courtauld Institute of Art (London), the Denver Art Museum, the Fitzwilliam Museum (University of Cambridge), the Honolulu Museum of Art, the Louvre, the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, the National Gallery, London, Palazzo Ruspoli (Rome), the Philadelphia Museum of Art, the Pinacoteca Ambrosiana (Milan), Princeton University Art Museum, Walters Art Museum in Baltimore, theVatican Museums and the Museum of Fine Arts (Budapest) are among the public collections holding works by Pinturicchio.

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美术百科参考资料

1、Pinturicchio