弗朗西斯科·迪乔治·马蒂尼Francesco di Giorgio Martini

弗朗西斯科·迪乔治•马提尼Francesco di Giorgio Martini（1439年——1501年）意大利雕刻家、画家。

中文名弗朗西斯科·迪乔治·马蒂尼
外文名Francesco di Giorgio Martini
性别男
国籍意大利
出生地意大利
出生日期1439年
逝世日期1501年
职业雕刻家、画家

传记

生命早期(1439 - 1470)

出生在1439年的某个时候锡耶纳家禽贩子,弗朗西斯科·莫里吉奥di Giorgio di马蒂诺受洗1439年9月23日。没有多少人知道他年轻时,只不过他被认为是一个学生Vecchietta由于迪乔治的早期绘画之间的相似的风格和主人。第一个记录他的工作作为一个艺术家从1464年开始,当在25岁时他支付12里拉的雕像施洗约翰.

他已经结婚了在接连两次他的第一任妻子,Cristofana,他们在1467年结婚后不久就去世了。1469年1月26日他结婚Agnese,Antonio di Benedetto di Neroccio的女儿和可能的亲戚桑巴特鲁姆Neroccio迪德的蓝迪,di Giorgio共享一个工作室和艺术家合作这些年。

早期作品在锡耶纳(1471 - 1475)

迪乔治的早期作为一个专业的艺术家,建筑师,工程师都充满了各种各样的项目。上各种艺术委员会,他完成了在这段时间里,他和另一位工程师合同了锡耶纳在其工作渡槽和喷泉系统,增加了约三分之一的目标更多的水的水供应。他们能够放大的喷泉广场del Campo在城市,使其他改进,在1473年成功地履行合同。在此期间,迪乔治也正在与助理在维珍的加冕典礼圣玛丽亚德拉Scala(锡耶纳),一个大画祭坛的装饰品.

锡耶纳的记录从1471年开始描述一个事件的艺术家和9人闯入了修道院的神圣的救世主外锡耶纳”和“行为卑劣地一旦进入。他们被判处流放的城市三个月,或支付25里拉好,迪乔治•支付。

乌尔比诺(1475 - 1484)

在1470年代中期,di乔治走进雇用的费德里科••蒙特公爵乌尔比诺。他创造了多个杜克的艺术作品,包括青铜救援从十字架上沉积和作为一个建筑师和工程师为公爵帕奇阴谋。在随后意大利城邦之间的斗争,di Giorgio建造一系列的伟大防御工事他的赞助人。这对迪乔治•后继续就业的来源da蒙特的死和他的儿子新公爵。

建筑工作也来到迪乔治通过他的就业与公爵,包括可能是他最著名的建筑,圣玛丽亚修道院Calcinaio在Cortona。教会是具有挑战性的设计由于其位置的陡坡,但迪乔治的技能与工程和建筑让他设计一个坚实的建筑仍然有效。

回到锡耶纳以及后来的职业生涯(1485 - 1500)

从1485年发现信件锡耶纳的政府写信给弗朗西斯科·迪乔治,请求他回到他的家乡城市,从事公共建筑的设计和施工。他在1486年回到了城市,开始接受800的年薪金币为官方城市工程师的职务,他将检查所有的工程项目锡耶纳.^[6]迪乔治还完成了城市的艺术项目,比如candle-holding天使雕塑,他的祭坛歌剧拳.

这次是一个繁荣和流行的迪乔治的存在和专业知识被几个城邦的统治者争夺,尤其是锡耶纳和乌尔比诺。从1488年他的税务文件显示物质财富以及家族财富的六个孩子。

1490年,他被政府委托的米兰产生一个圆顶的典范米兰大教堂。这个项目让他旅程的大教堂,在那里,他见到了列奥纳多·达·芬奇也曾聘请咨询的建筑。迪乔治显然大教堂的构造函数,提供有用的建议,并支付了100金币他的麻烦。

他作为一个专业的战争工程师期间又在玩了意大利的战争1494 - 98,当他被雇佣的那不勒斯费迪南德二世。他利用隧道和炸药的开创性的使用被认为是什么矿业技术战争。

1499年迪乔治的capomaestro当选歌剧拳.

死(1501)

弗朗西斯科·迪乔治外面逝世,享年62岁锡耶纳在1501年或1502年初,已经回到了农村1501年代中期。他的遗孀的大部分时间都在她的余生卷入法律纠纷与建筑师的后期房地产有关。

English Introduction

Biography

Early Life (1439-1470)

Born sometime in 1439 in Siena to a poultry dealer, Francesco Maurizio di Giorgio di Martino was baptized on September 23, 1439. Not much is known about his youth, except that he is assumed to have been a student of Vecchietta due to similarities in style between di Giorgio's early paintings and those of the master. The first record of his work as an artist is from 1464, when at age 25 he was paid 12 lire for a statue of John the Baptist.^[6]

He was married two times in quick succession when his first wife, Cristofana, died shortly after they were married in 1467. On January 26, 1469 he married Agnese, the daughter of Antonio di Benedetto di Neroccio, and possibly a relative of Neroccio di Bartolomeo de' Landi, with whom di Giorgio shared a studio and an artistic partnership during these years.^[6]

Early Work in Siena (1471-1475)

Di Giorgio's early years as a professional artist, architect, and engineer were full of a variety of projects. On top of various artistic commissions that he completed during this time, he and another engineer were given a contract by Siena to work on its aqueduct and fountain system, with the goal of adding about a third more water to the city's water supply. They were able to enlarge the fountain in the Piazza del Campoand make other improvements around the city, successfully fulfilling their contract in 1473.^[6] During this period, di Giorgio was also working with assistants on The Coronation of the Virgin for the Santa Maria della Scala (Siena), a large painted altarpiece.^[7]

Sienese records from 1471 describe an episode in which the artist and nine others broke into the Monastery of the Holy Saviour outside Siena and "behaved dishonorably" once inside. They were sentenced to be banished from the city for three months, or to pay a 25 lire fine, which di Giorgio paid.

Urbino (1475-1484)

During the mid-1470s, di Giorgio came into the employ of Federico da Montefeltro, Duke ofUrbino. He created multiple artistic works for the Duke, including the bronze reliefDeposition from the Cross and served as an architect and engineer for the duke during thePazzi conspiracy. In the fighting between Italian city-states which followed, di Giorgio constructed a series of great fortifications for his patron. This source of employment for di Giorgio continued after da Montefeltro's death with his son the new duke.^[6]

Architectural work also came to di Giorgio through his employment with the Duke, including what is probably his most famous building, Santa Maria delle Grazie al Calcinaio in Cortona. The church was challenging to design due to the steep incline of its location, but di Giorgio's skill with engineering and architecture allowed him to design a solid building which still stands.

Return to Siena and Later Career (1485-1500)

Letters from 1485 reveal that the Sienese government wrote to Francesco di Giorgio to request that he return to his native city and embark on the design and construction of public buildings. He did return to the city in 1486 and began receiving an annual salary of 800 florins for his position as official city engineer in which he would inspect all engineering projects throughout Siena Di Giorgio also completed artistic projects for the city, such as the candle-holding angel sculptures which he contributed to the altar at the Opera del Duomo.

This time was one of prosperity and popularity for di Giorgio, whose presence and expertise were fought over by the rulers of several city-states, particularlySiena and Urbino. His tax documents from 1488 show material wealth as well as familial wealth in the form of six children.

In 1490 he was commissioned by the government of Milan to produce a model for dome of the Milan Cathedral. This project led him to journey to the site of the cathedral, where he met Leonardo da Vinciwho had also been hired to consult on the building. Di Giorgio apparently provided useful advice to the constructors of the cathedral, and was paid 100 florins for his trouble.

His expertise as a war engineer came in to play again during the Italian War of 1494–98, when he was in the employ ofFerdinand II of Naples. He used tunnels and explosives in what is considered the pioneering use of mining technology for warfare.

In 1499 di Giorgio was elected the capomaestro of the Opera del Duomo.

Death (1501)

Francesco di Giorgio died at the age of 62 outside Siena in 1501 or early 1502, having retired to the countryside mid-1501. His widow spent most of the rest of her life embroiled in legal battles related to the late architect's estate

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信息统计与维护

美术百科参考资料

1、Francesco di Giorgio Martini