弗朗西斯科•瓜尔迪Francesco Guardi

弗朗西斯科•瓜尔迪Francesco Guardi（1712年10月5日——1793年1月1日），意大利画家。

中文名弗朗西斯科•瓜尔迪
外文名Francesco Guardi
性别男
国籍意大利
出生地威尼斯
出生日期1712年10月5日
逝世日期1793年1月1日
职业画家

苏富比拍卖瓜尔迪风景画估价两千万

意大利著名风景画家弗朗西斯科·瓜尔迪的《威尼斯大运河》将于今年7月亮相苏富比伦敦古典艺术专场拍卖会，估价2000万英镑(合3200万美元)。　　弗朗西斯科·瓜尔...

传记

弗朗西斯科•瓜尔迪出生在威尼斯的贵族家庭Trentino。他父亲Domenico(生于1678年)和尼科洛·和他的兄弟们吉安安东尼奥也是画家,后来继承家庭车间1716年父亲去世后。他们作为一个团队可能都贡献了一些较大的佣金后归因于弗朗西斯科。他的妹妹玛丽亚塞西莉亚结婚时代杰出的Veneto-European画家,Giovanni Battista Tiepolo.

1735年,瓜尔迪搬到车间米歇尔Marieschi,直到1743年才卸任。他第一次某些工作从1738年开始,一个教区维d 'Anuania特伦蒂诺,。在此期间他曾与他的哥哥吉安安东尼奥。弗朗西斯科·签署的第一个工作是一个圣人崇拜Eucarist(大约1739年)。

在这一时期他的作品既包括景观和图组成。从他早期vedutas显示的影响卡纳莱托和卢卡Carlevarijs。1757年2月15日他娶了玛丽亚Mattea帕加尼,画家的女儿马特奥帕加尼。同年他哥哥吉安安东尼奥和他的第一个儿子去世,Vincenzo,诞生了。他的第二个儿子,Giacomo,出生于1764年。

1763年,他在工作慕拉诺岛在教会圣皮特Martire,完成一个奇迹的多米尼加圣明显影响亚历桑德罗·马尼亚斯科领导在其quasi-expressionistic风格。

弗朗西斯科•瓜尔迪之后最重要的作品包括总督的盛宴,一系列的十二画布庆祝仪式在1763年举行的选举总督第四Alvise Mocenigo。在他的晚年,卡纳莱托对他的艺术的影响减少,如图所示的PiazzettaCa ' d ' oro威尼斯。在1778年前后,他画Sts的出现严重的三位一体。彼得和保罗的教区教堂Roncegno.

1782年瓜尔迪威尼斯政府委托的六个画布庆祝俄罗斯大公的访问,只剩下两个,和两人的教皇庇护六世。那一年的9月12日他被威尼斯美术学院录取了。

更注意颜色存在于晚期的作品,如80年80名孤儿的协奏曲,现在慕尼黑正面的宫殿的楼梯学院卡拉拉的贝加莫.

瓜尔迪在Campiello de la Madona去世Cannaregio(威尼斯)在1793年。

成熟的风格

在所有的画作归因于弗朗西斯科·瓜尔迪和他的兄弟吉安安东尼奥,最称赞的工作不是风景,而是通风晕涂法托比特书的故事画的器官在小阁楼基戴尔天使圣拉斐尔。从网上引用画廊的艺术:

的角度来看,组织空中空间,学问的坚固的Tiepolo……交换的个人风格的书法——现在出色地书法,现在多云.

瓜尔迪的绘画风格被称为pittura di tocco(触觉)的小点缀,热烈的笔触。这种宽松风格的绘画被使用乔凡尼Piazzetta和塞巴斯蒂安。里奇回忆说,在一些宗教主题,甜的朦胧的Barocci波伦亚的风格。他在这不同于线性和架构上准确的卡纳莱托的绘画风格。这种风格,一个世纪之后,将使瓜尔迪的作品所推崇的法国印象派画家.

卡纳莱托,vedutista,集中在迷人的城市建筑竖立的帝国共和国;另一方面,在瓜尔迪,建筑往往似乎融化并且陷入模糊的泻湖。卡纳莱托的油画往往有复杂的线性和出色的细节,和描绘威尼斯在阳光明媚的日光。瓜尔迪描绘的城市黄昏笼罩天空。然而这些对比,简化了事实,因为卡纳莱托常呈现出单调的公共生活和社区在他们一些史诗般的艺术品质(创建),虽然瓜尔迪没有避免有时绘画公爵的威尼斯的仪式。最终,瓜尔迪的绘画唤起的耗散。公民已经缩小到一个无能为力的小人国居民群“民众”,无法拯救摇摇欲坠的共和国,例如圣Marcuola油库火灾。配件迅速下降帝国的描绘,拒绝,在拿破仑的评估,变成了一个“欧洲客厅”充满了赌场,嘉年华,和雇佣的妓女。

English Introduction

Biography

Francesco Guardi was born in Venice into a family of nobility from Trentino. His father Domenico (born in 1678) and his brothers Niccolò and Gian Antonio were also painters, later inheriting the family workshop after the father's death in 1716. They probably all contributed as a team to some of the larger commissions later attributed to Francesco. His sister Maria Cecilia married the pre-eminent Veneto-European painter of his epoch, Giovanni Battista Tiepolo.

In 1735, Guardi moved to the workshop of Michele Marieschi, where he remained until 1743. His first certain works are from 1738, for a parish at Vigo d'Anuania, in Trentino. In this period he worked alongside his older brother, Gian Antonio. The first work signed by Francesco is a Saint Adoring the Eucarist (circa 1739).

His works in this period included both landscapes and figure compositions. His early vedutas show influence both fromCanaletto and Luca Carlevarijs. On February 15, 1757 he married Maria Mattea Pagani, the daughter of painter Matteo Pagani. In the same year his brother Gian Antonio died and his first son, Vincenzo, was born. His second son, Giacomo, was born in 1764.

In 1763 he worked in Murano, in the church of San Pietro Martire, finishing a Miracle of a Dominican Saint clearly influenced by Alessandro Magnasco in its quasi-expressionistic style.

Francesco Guardi's most important later works include the Doge's Feasts, a series of twelve canvases celebrating the ceremonies held in 1763 for the election of Doge Alvise IV Mocenigo. In his later years, Canaletto's influence on his art diminished, as shown by the Piazzetta in the Ca' d'Oro of Venice. In circa 1778, he painted the severe Holy Trinity Appearing to Sts. Peter and Paul in the parish church of Roncegno.

In 1782 Guardi was commissioned by the Venetian government six canvases to celebrate the visit of the Russian Archdukes in the city, of which only two remain, and two others for that of Pope Pius VI. On September 12 of that year he was admitted to the Fine Art Academy of Venice.

A stronger attention to colours is present in late works such as the Concerto of 80 Orphans of 1782, now in Munich, in theFaçade of Palace with Staircase in the Accademia Carrara of Bergamo.

Guardi died at Campiello de la Madona in Cannaregio (Venice) in 1793.

Mature style

Among all the paintings attributed to either Francesco and his brother Gian Antonio Guardi, the most praised work is not a landscape, but instead the airy sfumato Story of Tobit painted for the organ loft in the small Chiesa dell'Angelo San Raffaele. To quote from the Web Gallery of Art:

Perspective, organized aerial space, the Palladian solidity of Tiepolo... are exchanged for a personal style of coloured handwriting - now brilliantly calligraphic, and now brilliantly cloudy.

Guardi's painterly style is known as pittura di tocco (of touch) for its small dotting and spirited brush-strokes. This looser style of painting had been used by Giovanni Piazzetta and Sebastiano Ricci, and recalls, in some religious themes, the sweetened sfumato of Barocci's Bolognese style. In this he differs from the more linear and architecturally accurate style of Canaletto's painting.This style, a century later, would make Guardi's works highly prized by the French Impressionists.

Canaletto, as a vedutista, concentrated on glamorous urban architecture erected by the imperial republic; on the other hand, in Guardi, the buildings often appear to be melting and sinking into a murky lagoon. Canaletto's canvases often have intricate linear and brilliant details, and depict Venice in sunny daylight. Guardi paints clouded skies above a city at dusk. These contrasts, however, simplify the facts, since Canaletto often painted the drab communal life and neighborhoods (creating in them some epic artistic qualities), while Guardi did not avoid sometimes painting the ceremonies of Ducal Venice. Ultimately, Guardi's paintings evoke the onset of the dissipation. The citizenry has shrunken to an impotent lilliputian crowd of "rubber-neckers", unable to rescue the crumbling Republic, as for example in the Fire in the Oil Depot in San Marcuola.It was fitting depiction of the rapidly declining empire, which had declined, in Napoleon's assessment, into a "drawing room of Europe" peopled with casinos, carnivals, and courtesans for hire.

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美术百科参考资料

1、Francesco Guardi