早期的生活

格温约翰出生在夏福韦斯,威尔士的四个孩子,第二个埃德温·威廉·约翰和他的妻子奥古斯塔史密斯(nee)。温格的哥哥约翰桑顿,她的弟弟妹妹是奥古斯都和菲尔德。埃德温·约翰是一个律师,他阴沉的性格使得他的家庭,和奥古斯塔是经常缺席的孩子由于健康不佳,两个sisters-stern离开她救世军的——带她住在家里。奥古斯塔是一个业余watercolourist,父母鼓励孩子们的文学和艺术的兴趣。她的母亲去世时,她只有八岁。关于她母亲的死亡和损失的影响,她的哥哥,奥古斯都后来写道:“我的母亲无疑很有帮助,但她去世时,我还是一个小孩,之后,我担心,一个泪流满面的存在。”

1884年母亲的早逝后,全家搬到了腾比在彭布罗克郡威尔士,格温和她妹妹威妮弗蕾德的早期教育是由家庭提供。除了她的妹妹,她也有两个兄弟,桑顿和奥古斯都。腾比兄弟姐妹经常去海边的草图。约翰说,她将“快速图纸搁浅的海鸥、贝壳和鱼杂散纸,有时在书的卷首她阅读。”虽然她从小就画和画,格温约翰现存最早的工作日期从她19年。

教育

从1895年到1898年,她在学习斯莱德艺术学院,这个项目是仿照法国工作室的方法。这是唯一在英国艺术学校,让女学生,虽然通常没有混合的男性和女性的理由,在类,或者走廊里。奥古斯都像她的弟弟,他在1894年开始了他的研究,她研究图绘制亨利·唐克斯.在此期间,她和奥古斯都共享生活区,进一步减少了费用,靠吃坚果和水果。她开发了一种亲密关系的女人将成为她的哥哥的妻子,Ida Nettleship。在这个时候,她也有一个与她的兄弟的另一个集合,阿瑟·安布罗斯McEvoy原来不开心。好朋友还包括乌苏拉Tyrwhitt和格温萨尔蒙德.格温约翰赢得了Melvill Nettleship奖在她最后一年在斯莱德图组成。

斯莱德就是鼓励学生模仿大师的作品在伦敦博物馆。^[14]格温约翰的夫人阿特金森的早期绘画肖像等,与小提琴的年轻女子,与人物描写个人情感的室内作品画在传统风格的特点是柔和的颜色,透明釉料。

即使作为一个学生,奥古斯都的才华横溢的制图术和个人魅力使他成为一个名人,安静,站在与温格的礼物和沉默的举止。奥古斯都非常敬佩的,他的妹妹的工作但是相信她忽略了她的健康,并敦促她“更运动生活态度”。她拒绝了他的建议,并演示了在她的生活明显漠视她的身体健康。

1898年,她首次访问巴黎斯莱德的两个好朋友,她学习下詹姆斯·麦克尼尔惠斯勒在他的学校,Academie卡门。她回到伦敦在1899年,1900年首次展出她的工作,在新英语艺术俱乐部(NEAC)。她的物质境差,和她住在1900 - 01寮屋在一个废弃的建筑。

法国和早期的职业生涯

在1903年秋天,她和她的朋友前往法国Dorelia麦克尼尔(他后来成为奥古斯都约翰的第二任妻子)。在登陆波尔多,他们开始徒步旅行与艺术设备,打算罗马。睡在田野和生活在收入通过出售肖像素描,一路上他们就做的图卢兹.1904年,两个去了巴黎,约翰找到了工作作为一个艺术家的模型,主要为女性艺术家。同年,她开始造型的雕刻家奥古斯特·罗丹,成为他的情人。她对罗丹老得多,谁是他那个时代最著名的艺术家,将继续在接下来的十年,记录在她的数千狂热的信给他。格温约翰是激烈的附件给男性和女性,有时令人不安,罗丹,尽管他对她的真情,最终诉诸使用门房和秘书让她在远处。

年在巴黎期间她遇到了许多领先的艺术个性,包括马蒂斯,毕加索,Brancuși,句Rainer玛丽亚,但是她的艺术的新发展对她几乎没有影响,而她在孤独。1910年,她发现生活区Meudon郊区的巴黎,她将继续她的余生。当她与罗丹接近尾声,格温约翰寻求安慰天主教1913年左右,她收到了教堂。她的笔记本的包括冥想和祈祷,她写她的愿望是“上帝的小艺术家”和“成为一个圣人。”在一个经常被引用的来信。1912年,她写道:“我有什么值得表达是否距问题。我可能永远不会有什么表达,除了这渴望更内部的生活”。

职业生涯

她在1911年停止展示在NEAC,但得到了一个重要的顾客约翰·奎因美国艺术收藏家,从1910年到1924年去世,购买的大多数作品,格温约翰出售。^[25]奎因的支持约翰从一份模特的工作中解脱出来,并使她投入自己的工作。虽然她常常参加展览,她完美主义产生的对表现出明显矛盾。她在1911年写道:“我描绘了一幅很好的交易,但我不经常得到成就需要的照片,对我来说,很长时间的一个从容的人,而且从不认为展览。”1913年,她的一幅画是包含在开创性的军械库艺术博览会在纽约,奎因协助组织。

她工作态度既低调又自信。后观看展览的水彩画塞尚她说:“这些都是很好的,但我更喜欢我自己的。”

1913年,作为义务多米尼加Meudon仁爱,她开始一系列的画像只有玛丽Poussepin(1653 - 1744),他们的订单的创始人。这些画,祈祷卡的基础上,建立一个格式—女性人物中统坐姿态成为她的成熟风格的特点。她画了许多变体等学科年轻女子看到蓝色的连衣裙,女孩抱着一只猫,和康复的。她的大部分模型的身份是未知的。

Meudon的她住在孤独,除了她的猫。未标明日期的信中她写道,“我想去住的地方我遇见我知道到我如此强烈,人和事不能影响我超越的原因。”她也希望避免家庭关系(“我认为家庭的一天。我们不去天堂的家庭,但一个接一个地”)和她决定住在法国1903年之后的结果可能是她想逃避的性格她著名的哥哥,虽然艺术历史学家大卫·弗雷泽-詹金斯表示:“有几次当她做任何违背她的意愿,她更无情,主导的两个。”

约翰在1919年首次在巴黎展出沙龙d 'Automne,定期展出直到1920年代中期,在这段时间她少和彩绘越来越疏远。她在她的一生中只有一个个展,在新Chenil画廊于1926年在伦敦。在同一年,她购买Meudon平房。1926年12月,心烦意乱的死后句她的老朋友,她从邻居,见面和寻求宗教指导neo-Thomist哲学家附带着。她还遇到了论文的嫂子,Vera Oumancoff与她形成最后的浪漫关系,这一直持续到1930年。

格温约翰的最后日期为1933年3月20日工作是一个图纸,也没有证据表明她画还是画在她的生活的其余部分。1939年9月10日,她写道,然后前往迪耶普,她崩溃,住院。她死于1939年9月18日在那里,就葬在那里Janval公墓。

Early life

Gwyneth John was born in shafewess, Wales, four children, the second Edwin William John and his wife Augusta Smith (NEE). Wenger's brother John Thornton, her younger brother and sister are Augustus and field. Edwin John is a lawyer, his gloomy character makes his family, and Augusta are often absent children due to poor health, two sisters stern left her salvation army - take her to live at home. Augusta is an amateur water colour whose parents encourage their children's interest in literature and art. When her mother died, she was only eight years old. On the impact of her mother's death and loss, her brother, Augustus, later wrote: "my mother was undoubtedly helpful, but when she died, I was a child, and then I was worried about a tearful existence."

After the early death of her mother in 1884, the family moved to Tenby in Wales, pembrokshire, where Gwen and her sister, Winifred, had their early education provided by the family. Besides her sister, she also has two brothers, Thornton and Augustus. Tengbi brothers and sisters often go to the seaside for sketches. John said she would "quickly map stranded seagulls, shells and fish stray paper, sometimes at the beginning of the book she read." Although she has drawn and painted since childhood, Gwen John's earliest existing working date is from her 19 years.

education

From 1895 to 1898, she was studying at the Slade School of art, a project modeled after the French studio. It's the only art school in the UK that allows female students, although there's usually no reason to mix men and women in the class, or in the hallway. Augustus, like her brother, began his research in 1894, mapping Henry Tonks. During this time, she and Augustus shared living quarters, further reducing costs by eating nuts and fruits. She developed a close relationship with a woman who would become her brother's wife, IDA Nettleship. At this time, she also had another meeting with her brother, Arthur Ambrose McEvoy, who was not happy. Good friends also included Ursula Tyrwhitt and Gwen Salmond Gwen John who won the Melville Nettleship award in her last year of composition in slaytu.

Slade is to encourage students to imitate the works of masters in the London museum. [14] the early portraits of Atkinson, Gwen John's wife, the young woman on the violin, and the interior paintings depicting personal emotions are characterized by soft colors and transparent glazes in the traditional style.

Even as a student, Augustus's brilliant cartography and charisma made him a celebrity, quiet, standing with Wenger's gifts and silent demeanor. Augustus admired his sister's work but believed she ignored her health and urged her to "be more athletic.". She rejected his advice and demonstrated a clear disregard for her health in her life.

In 1898, she made her first visit to two good friends in Slade, Paris. She studied with James McNeil Whistler at his school, Academie Carmen. She returned to London in 1899 and first exhibited her work in 1900 at the new English Arts Club (NEAC). Her material condition is poor, and she lives in an abandoned building with her squatter in 1900 - 01.

France and early career

In the fall of 1903, she and her friends went to dorelia McNeill (who later became Augustus John's second wife) in France. After landing in Bordeaux, they began hiking with art equipment, intended for Rome. Sleeping in the fields and living on income through the sale of portrait sketches, along the way they made Toulouse. In 1904, two went to Paris, and John found a job as a model artist, mainly for female artists. In the same year, she began sculpting the sculptor Auguste Rodin and became his lover. She was much older for Rodin, who was the most famous artist of his time, and will continue to record thousands of fanatical letters to him in the next decade. Gwen John is intensely attached to men and women, and sometimes unsettling, Rodin, despite his true feelings for her, eventually resorted to using the porter and the Secretary to keep her in the distance.

During her stay in Paris in, she met many leading artistic personalities, including Matisse, Picasso, brancu ș I, Rainer Maria, but her new artistic development had little impact on her, and she was alone. In 1910, she found living in the suburb of Meudon in Paris, where she would continue for the rest of her life. When she came to the end with Rodin, Gwen John sought solace in Catholicism around 1913, and she received the church. Her notebook included meditation and prayer, and she wrote that her wishes were "little artist of God" and "to be a saint." In a letter that is often quoted. In 1912, she wrote, "what I have to express is the question of distance. I may never be able to express anything except this desire for a more internal life.

Career

She stopped showing at NEAC in 1911, but got an important customer, John Quinn, an American art collector, who died from 1910 to 1924, buying most of the works that gwyne John sold. [25] Quinn's support freed John from a model job and put her into her own. Although she often attends exhibitions, her perfectionism produces obvious contradictions. She wrote in 1911: "I've painted a good deal, but I don't often get the pictures needed to achieve it, for me, for a long time a leisurely person, and never think of exhibitions." In 1913, one of her paintings was included in the groundbreaking armory Art Fair in New York, organized by Quinn.

She works in a low-key and confident manner. "These are all very good, but I prefer my own," said Cezanne, who later watched the exhibition

In 1913, as a duty of Dominican Meudon benevolence, she began a series of portraits only of Mary poussepin (1653 - 1744), the founder of their order. On the basis of these paintings and prayer cards, the establishment of a format - the unified sitting posture of female characters has become a feature of her mature style. She drew a lot of variations and other subjects for young women to see blue dresses, girls holding a cat, and recovered. The identity of most of her models is unknown.

Meudon's she lives alone, except for her cat. In the undated letter, she wrote, "where I want to live I meet and know that I am so strong that people and things can't affect the reason why I transcend." She also wants to avoid family relationships ("I think family day. We don't go to heaven's family, but one by one ") and her decision to live in France after 1903 may have turned out to be the character she wanted to escape from her famous brother, although art historian David Fraser Jenkins said:" there have been times when she did anything against her will, she was more ruthless, dominating the two. "

John first exhibited salon d'automne in Paris in 1919, regularly until the mid-1920s, during which time she was less and more alienated from color painting. She had only one exhibition in her life, at the new chenil Gallery in London in 1926. In the same year, she bought a Meudon bungalow. In December 1926, her old friend, who met and sought religious guidance from her neighbors, accompanied by Neo Thomist philosopher. She also met the paper's sister-in-law, Vera oumancoff, who formed a final romantic relationship with her until 1930.

Gwen John's last date for work on March 20, 1933 is a drawing, and there is no evidence that she painted or painted the rest of her life. On September 10, 1939, she wrote, and then went to Dieppe, where she collapsed and was hospitalized. She died there on September 18, 1939, and was buried there at janval cemetery.