爱德华多·纳兰霍作品

　爱德华多·纳兰霍（Eduardo Naranjo，1944－），生于西班牙西南地区的巴达霍斯省莫内斯特里奥镇的农民家庭。

　　农民家庭出身和成长的生活环境、时代环境，奠定了纳兰霍的感伤的写实绘画基调。家境的贫寒，使得纳兰霍学习勤奋刻苦，加上天资敏慧，学业进步极快，成绩优异，并因此获得了各种奖励。1960年获教育部的奖学金，使他得以进入首都马德里的圣费尔南多高等美术学院深造。1969年获卡斯特尔布兰科基金会的资助，去巴黎考察最前卫艺术，进行了从印象主义到表现主义，到后立体主义，再到抽象艺术等多种风格的尝试。回到马德里后，他意识到，自己被潮流所左右，在艺术的天地里失去了自己的语言。痛定思痛，他决定顺从自己的本性，象幼年时那样，以真诚之心，安心于画室，不受外界干扰，用绘画直抒自己的情感。他选择了自己最喜欢的具象表现，自1970年至今，一路进行着写实绘画的探索。他虽然喜欢进行的逼真描绘物象，但倾向于捕捉“心理的、杜撰的、超现实的或想象的成分”。

    在上世纪70年代至今的绘画道路上，纳兰霍的绘画风格大致可分为两个阶段：70—80年代，他的绘画表现手法为超现实意味的错觉写实主义。他利用旧物、旧照片，抒发思古怀旧的幽情，用色多为古典绘画中的棕褐色。而欧洲在世界大战背景下成长起来的那批艺术家作品中或多或少都带有一些“残缺之美”倾向。这正像他自己所说的：“我赞美进步积极的一面，但我更迷恋那些还使我激动不已的回忆”，他坚持着自己的梦想。

    90年代至今，纳兰霍的画风逐渐转向隐蔽性的超现实主义。作品变得纯净、透明，在“真实”的描绘之中，渗透着强烈的象征意味。

　　在纳兰霍的很多创作中，富有诗意般的想象和恰如其分的对梦幻的忧虑，清晰的思维和潜意识的费解等方式表现天地宇宙的想象，同时又保持了超现实主义历史经验的积极因素。在他的作品里，美感无处不在，无论是油画还是素描，无论是裸体肖像还是其他绘画，都是精益求精，十分严谨，调子丰富，柔美虚幻。他善于在木板卜用铅笔画素描，呈现与纸上素描的不同艺术效果，其线如刀如刻，调了更加丰富；在柔美虚幻的表现中，又拥有纸上素描所达不到的一种迷蒙淡雅的美感。

　　纳兰霍是一位题材多样化的画家，是一位伟大的素描家，在版画方面，同样也充分发挥出他那富有诗意想象的绘画才能。

　　纳兰霍的作品，从表现手法上，大致可分为两类：一类基本上运用超现实主义的创作方法，另一类用的则是错觉写实主义手段。他的超现实作品与前辈们的作品不相同，他并不强调潜意识的作用，而是注重描绘极度渴慕中出现的幻觉。纳兰霍不像米罗那样有着憧憬未来的乐观，也不像洛佩斯那样关注当今的现实，他没有将想象力用于塑造未来的形象，而是借用过去的遗迹发思古怀旧的幽情，用想象力点化旧物，使之幻化出艺术家心中的无限思慕的情景。

　　纳兰霍绘画的魅力，很大程度上得益于他的画技，他在西班牙曾有“现代委拉斯贵支”之称。他从委氏前期技法出发，假如现代人对色彩的理解，把画面处理的一丝不苟而又干净利落，使画面长呈珠光般的银灰色调，并且以不引人瞩目的描绘手法使真实的物象隐隐的蒙上一层不真实的轻纱。

 Eduardo Naranjo (1944 -) was born into a peasant family in the town of monestro, badahos Province, southwest Spain.

The living environment and time environment of the peasants' family background and growth laid the sentimental realistic painting keynote of nalanjo. Because of his poor family background, nalanjo studied hard and earned various awards because of his talent and intelligence. In 1960, he won a scholarship from the Ministry of education, which enabled him to enter the Higher Academy of fine arts of San Fernando in Madrid for further study. In 1969, with the support of the castelblanc foundation, he went to Paris to investigate the most avant-garde art, and tried various styles from Impressionism to expressionism, to post Cubism, to abstract art. Back in Madrid, he realized that he was influenced by the trend and lost his language in the world of art. He decided to conform to his nature, just like when he was a child, to express his feelings directly by painting with sincerity and peace of mind in the studio. He chose his favorite concrete performance and has been exploring realistic painting all the way since 1970. Although he likes realistic depiction, he tends to capture "psychological, fictional, surreal or imaginary elements".

On the way of painting from the 1970s to the present, nalanjo's painting style can be roughly divided into two stages: from the 1970s to the 1980s, his painting technique of expression is the illusion realism of surrealistic meaning. He used the old things and photos to express his nostalgic feelings, and the color was mostly brown in the classical paintings. The works of the artists who grew up in Europe under the background of the world war have some tendency of "fragmentary beauty". It's just like what he said: "I admire the positive side of progress, but I am more fascinated by the memories that still excite me." he insists on his dream.

Since 1990s, Naranjo's painting style has gradually turned to the surrealism of concealment. The work becomes pure and transparent. In the description of "reality", there is a strong symbolic meaning.

In many of nalanjo's works, poetic imagination and appropriate worry about dreams, clear thinking and subconscious puzzlement express the imagination of the universe, while maintaining the positive factors of surrealism historical experience. In his works, aesthetic feeling is everywhere. No matter oil painting or sketch, nude portrait or other paintings, they are all striving for perfection, very rigorous, rich in tone, soft and illusory. He is good at drawing with pencil on the board, presenting different artistic effects from that on the paper. His lines are like knives, like carvings, and the tone is more abundant. In the soft and illusory performance, he also has a kind of vague and elegant beauty that the paper drawing cannot achieve.

Nalanjo is a painter with various themes and a great Sketcher. In printmaking, he also gives full play to his poetic imagination.

Nalanjo's works can be roughly divided into two categories in terms of expression techniques: one is to basically use surrealistic creation methods, the other is to use illusion realism. His surreal works are different from those of his predecessors. He does not emphasize the role of the subconscious, but focuses on the description of the illusion in the extreme longing. Nalanjo is not as optimistic as Miro in looking forward to the future, nor as concerned about today's reality as Lopez. Instead of using imagination to shape the image of the future, he uses the relics of the past to think about the nostalgic feelings of the past, and uses imagination to point out the old things, so that they can become the scene of infinite yearning in the minds of artists.

The charm of nalanjo's paintings is largely due to his painting skills. He once had the name of "modern Velazquez" in Spain. Starting from Wei's early techniques, if the modern people's understanding of color, meticulous and clean treatment of the picture, make the picture look like pearlescent silver gray color, and make the real image covert with a layer of unreal light yarn by the unattractive description technique.