青年

乔治innes出生在纽约的纽堡.他是第五13威廉出生的孩子约翰英纳斯,一个农夫和他的妻子克拉丽莎鲍德温。他的家人搬到新泽西州纽瓦克当他五岁。1839年,他研究了几个月的流动的画家,约翰杰西巴克。在他十几岁的时候,innes地图雕刻师在纽约市。在此期间他引起了法国风景画家的注意瑞吉弗朗索瓦Gignoux,随后进行了研究。在整个1840年代中期他还参加了上课国家设计学院,并研究了哈得逊画派的艺术家的作品托马斯·科尔和亚杜兰;“如果,”innes后来回忆思考,“这两个可以组合在一起,我要试一试。”他首次亮相于1844年在国家科学院工作。

英纳斯1848年在纽约开设了自己的第一个工作室。1849年,他娶了迪莉娅•米勒去世几个月后。明年他娶了伊丽莎白·阿比盖尔哈特和他的六个孩子。

职业生涯早期

在1851年一个名叫奥格登的顾客自己赞助innes油漆和研究的第一次去欧洲。innes花了15个月罗马,在那里他学习了景观克劳德Lorrain和尼古拉斯·普桑.他还租了一间工作室,上面的画家威廉页面可能,他介绍了艺术家Swedenborgianism。1853年,他当选了国家设计学院以准成员,并在1868年成为一个完整的院士。

在去巴黎在1850年代早期,innes受到艺术家工作的影响巴比桑画派的法国.巴比松风景是宽松的笔法,暗色,强调情绪。innes迅速成为美国领先指数Barbizon-style绘画,他发展成一种高度的个人风格。1854年,他的儿子小乔治•英尼斯。,他也成为了一个值得注意的风景画家,出生在巴黎。

在1850年代中期,innes委托开展的特拉华,拉克万纳和西部铁路创造绘画DLWRR记录了进展的早期美国工业的增长。拉克万纳山谷,画ca。1855年,代表了铁路的第一拘留所斯克兰顿,宾西法尼亚,和集成技术和荒野中观察到景观;随着时间的推移,不仅将innes回避工业存在的田园或农业学科,但他会产生很多成熟在工作室工作,利用他的视觉记忆产生的场景,通常是受特定的地方,然而越来越多的关心正式考虑。

职业生涯中

innes从纽约搬到马萨诸塞州Medfield1860年,他在那里一个谷仓转换为工作室。在1862 - 63年,他是一个美术老师查尔斯Dormon罗宾逊.然后他去新泽西州Eagleswood在1864年。他回到欧洲在1870年的春天,住在罗马,游览Tivoli,湖Albano,威尼斯.1878年,他回到纽约,在纽约大学建筑工作室。同年,他也参加了万国博览会在巴黎,艺术批评发表纽约晚邮报和哈珀的新月刊.

他的1860年代和1870年代的工作经常倾向于全景,风景如画,超过clou-laden和威胁的天空,包括对自己的祖国(1878年秋天橡树,大都会艺术博物馆;卡茨基尔山,1870,芝加哥艺术学院),以及场景的灵感来自众多海外旅行,特别是意大利和法国(1873年和尚,艾迪生美国艺术的画廊;1875年的父亲,沃兹艺术学院)。的组合、绘图精度和感情色彩的使用,这些画放置innes在最好的和最成功的美国风景画家。

最终innes艺术证明伊曼纽尔Swedenborg的神学的影响。innes特别感兴趣的是,自然界的一切都有一个概念correspondential与灵性的东西,所以收到从上帝而来的“流入”,以不断地存在。另一个影响innes的想法是威廉•詹姆斯也是一位Swedenborgianism附着。特别是,innes灵来自詹姆斯的意识作为一个“思想流”,以及他的想法关于神秘体验如何塑造一个对自然的观点。

英纳斯是一个主要的主题回顾1884年,组织的美国艺术协会让他美名远扬,在美国。他赢得了国际声誉,当他获得了金牌1889年的巴黎博览会.

在职业生涯末期

innes后定居在新泽西州蒙特克莱尔在1885年,尤其是在他生命的最后十年,这个神秘的组件显示在他的艺术更抽象的处理形状,软化边缘,和饱和颜色(1886年10月,洛杉矶县艺术博物馆),一个深刻而戏剧性的天空和地球的并列(初秋,蒙特克莱尔,1888,蒙特克莱尔艺术博物馆),强调亲密景观视图(日落在树林中,1891年,柯康美术馆的艺术),越来越多的个人、自发和油漆的处理往往是暴力的。这最后质量特别是innes有别于那些特征是画家像同情Luminists

在发表的采访中,英纳斯坚持认为,“真正的艺术,首先,培养艺术家的精神本质。”他持久的兴趣,精神和情感方面的考虑不排除innes进行一项科学研究的颜色也不是数学,结构方法构成:“诗意的质量不是通过避开任何真理的事实或自然的……诗歌的视觉现实。”

英纳斯于1894年去世艾伦的桥梁在苏格兰。根据他的儿子,他看夕阳,当他举起双手向空中,叫道,“我的上帝!哦,多么美丽!”,倒在地上,几分钟后死亡。公共innes的葬礼举行国家设计学院和一个纪念展览是由美术建筑在纽约。

Youth

George Innes was born in Newcastle, New York. He is the fifth 13 children of William, John Innes, a farmer and his wife Clarissa Baldwin. His family moved to Newark, New Jersey, when he was five. In 1839, he studied the mobile painter for several months, John Jessie Barker. In his teens, Innes was a map carver in New York City. During this period, he attracted the attention of French landscape painters, Reggio Francois Gignoux, and then conducted research. Throughout the mid-1840s, he attended a course at the National School of design and studied the works of Thomas Cole and yaduran, artists of the Hudson school. "If," Innes later recalled, "the two can be combined, I'll try." He made his debut at the National Academy of Sciences in 1844.

Innas opened his first studio in New York in 1848. In 1849, a few months after his death, he married Delia Miller. Next year he married Elizabeth abigailhardt and his six children.

Early career

In 1851, a customer named Ogden sponsored Innes paint and research to go to Europe for the first time. Innes spent 15 months in Rome, where he studied the landscapes of Claude Lorrain and Nicholas Poussin. He also rented a studio where the painter William page might introduce the artist swedenborgianim. In 1853, he was elected an associate member of the National Institute of design and became a complete academician in 1868.

In Paris in the early 1850s, Innes was influenced by the work of artists. The French Barbizon landscape of Barbizon school is characterized by loose brushwork, dark color and emotional emphasis. Innes quickly became the leading American index of Barbizon style painting, which developed into a highly personal style. In 1854, his son George Innis the younger. He also became a remarkable landscape painter, born in Paris.

In the mid-1850s, Innes commissioned Delaware, lackwana and the western railroad to create a painting called dlwrr that recorded the growth of early American industry as it progressed. La covanna Valley, draw ca. In 1855, landscape was observed in Scranton, Pennsylvania, the first detention house representing the railway, and in the integrated technology and wilderness; over time, Innes not only avoided the pastoral or agricultural disciplines existing in industry, but he would produce many mature scenes produced by working in the studio and using his visual memory, usually in specific places, yet more and more concerns were formally considered.

In my career

Innes moved from New York to medfield, Massachusetts, in 1860, where he converted a barn into a studio. In 1862 - 63, he was an art teacher Charles dormon Robinson. Then he went to eagleswood, New Jersey in 1864. He returned to Europe in the spring of 1870, lived in Rome, visited Tivoli, Lake Albano, Venice. In 1878, he returned to New York, where he worked in the architecture studio of New York University. In the same year, he also attended the world exposition in Paris, where art criticism published the New York Evening Post and Harper's new moon

His work in the 1860s and 1870s often tended to panoramic, picturesque, over clou laden and threatening skies, including on his own homeland (oak, Metropolitan Museum of art, autumn 1878; Catskill hill, 1870, Chicago School of Art), as well as scenes inspired by numerous overseas trips, especially in Italy and France (monks, Edison's American Art Gallery, 1873; American Art Gallery, 1875 My father, Watts College of art. The combination of drawing precision and emotional color use of these paintings places Innes among the best and most successful American landscape painters.

Finally, Innes art proves the theological influence of Emmanuel Swedenborg. Innes is particularly interested in the fact that everything in nature has a concept of responsibility and spirituality, so it receives "inflow" from God to exist continuously. Another idea that influenced Innes was that William James was also a swedenborgianism. In particular, Innes spirit comes from James' consciousness as a "stream of thought" and his ideas about how mystical experiences shape a view of nature.

InAs is a major theme recalled in 1884, organized by the American Art Association to make him famous in the United States. He won international fame when he won the gold medal at the 1889 Paris fair

At the end of my career

Innes later settled in Montclair, N.J., in 1885, especially in the last decade of his life, this mysterious component was shown in his art's more abstract handling of shapes, softened edges, and saturated colors (October 1886, Los Angeles County Museum of Art), a deep and dramatic juxtaposition of the sky and the earth (early autumn, Montclair, 1888, Montclair Museum of Art), emphasizing Intimate landscape views (sunset in the woods, 1891, art of the Corcoran Gallery), more and more personal, spontaneous, and paint handling is often violent. And the final quality, especially Innes, is different from the characteristics of painters like compassion for luminists

In an interview published, innas insisted that "real art, first of all, cultivate the spiritual essence of artists." His persistent interest, spiritual and emotional considerations do not exclude that the color of Innes's scientific research is neither mathematics nor structural method: "the quality of poetry is not achieved by avoiding any truth fact or nature The visual reality of poetry. "

InAs died in 1894 at Allen's bridge in Scotland. According to his son, he looked at the setting sun, when he raised his hands in the air and cried, "my God! Oh, how beautiful!" and fell to the ground and died a few minutes later. The funeral of the public Innes was held at the National Design Institute and a memorial exhibition was held by the United States of America