《金瓶梅》是中国文学史上最伟大的小说之一,也是古典小说的分水岭。这部小说是中国文学史上第一部由文人独立创作的章回体长篇小说名著。
在此之前,《金瓶梅》多以文字的形式流传,直到民国时期,知名画家胡也佛的《金瓶梅秘戏图》问世。
这套画共有三十张,据说一位上海某银行行长以一两黄金三幅画的价格相邀而来。
胡也佛为了创作这套画,悄悄印制了一方印章上面写着:“宁天下人负我”。然后,他接受了上海长江银行经理周叶华先生的邀请,开始创作《金瓶梅》系列的“小黄画”。每张画的价值都是一两黄金,在当时,黄金是硬通货。
当时的春宫画大多粗制滥造,但是胡也佛对待春宫画的态度却非常认真,平均一张画要花费他两个月的时间。他的春宫画不仅仅是春宫画,更是一幅民俗画,人物和布景都非常考究,栩栩如生地再现了明代晚期的生活图景。
比如画中的床有个专门的称呼:“描金彩漆拔步床”。小说中孟玉楼嫁给西门庆时的嫁妆就是这种床,后来西门庆又将这张床赠给了女儿。这种床正是明代富人家常用的寝具。
仔细观察画中的床上彩绘,可以看到大概有三种图案:游龙戏凤、本固枝荣和双喜图。其中,一池中莲花丛生,花、叶、枝繁茂,寓意着家族人丁兴旺,绵延不绝。这些纹饰既说明了两人的关系,又带着一点性暗示。
床旁边是一张带有抽屉的梳妆台,桌面上镶嵌着大理石,烟雨朦胧,隐喻着男女欢合。更为隐蔽的是桌上精致的铜镜与床下的两双鞋子形成呼应。在传统吉祥纹样中,两双鞋子象征着夫妻二人,与“偕”同音;而铜镜的“铜”与“同”也同音,寓意着“同偕到老”。
通过这些细节,我们可以看出胡也佛先生的匠心精神。
因此,胡也佛的《金瓶梅秘戏图》绝不仅仅是一张春宫画,更是一幅民俗画卷。他充分发挥了从《诗经》到《金瓶梅》、《红楼梦》以来的“以物叙事”的经典手法,通过精致器物上寓意风流的纹饰,让我们窥见图像背后的无边风月和旖旎春色。
----------Introduction in English----------
Jin Ping Mei is one of the greatest novels in the history of Chinese literature, and it is also the watershed of classical novels. This novel is the first famous novel in the history of Chinese literature in the form of chapter and verse, which was independently created by literati.
Prior to this, "The Plum in the Golden Vase" was mostly circulated in the form of text, until the famous painter Hu Yefo's "The Secret Drama of the Plum in the Golden Vase" was released during the Republic of China period.
This set of paintings consists of thirty pieces, and it is said that a bank governor in Shanghai invited him for one or two gold paintings.
In order to create this set of paintings, Hu Yifu quietly printed a seal with the words "Ning Tianxia People Negate Me" on it. Then, he accepted an invitation from Mr. Zhou Yehua, the manager of Shanghai Changjiang Bank, to start creating the "Little Yellow Paintings" in the "Golden Vase Plum" series. Each painting is worth one or two gold. At that time, gold was Hard currency.
At that time, most of the Spring Palace paintings were crude and shoddy, but Hu Yefu took Spring Palace paintings very seriously, with an average of two months for each painting. His Spring Palace painting is not only a Spring Palace painting, but also a folk painting. The characters and scenery are very exquisite, vividly reproducing the life scene of the late Ming