《雍正帝读书像》轴,清,宫廷画家绘,绢本,设色,纵171.3厘米,横156.5厘米。
清朝初期康熙、雍正、乾隆三位皇帝能够取得令后人称许的政治成就,与他们幼年便得到良好的教育有着极为密切的关系。为保证皇子们的教学质量,皇帝挑选满腹经纶的儒臣作诸皇子的师傅,并时常亲自对皇子们加以督促。皇子们学习的课程包括满文、汉文、蒙文和经史等文化课,另有骑马、射箭等军事训练科目。正是由于超乎常人的优越教育环境,加之皇子们自身的种种努力,使得他们往往能够具有很好的文化素养。
雍正皇帝自幼及长素以读书为重,登极之后依然如故,举行经筵,继续不间断地学习。他熟悉经史典籍,儒释兼通,能吸取前代的治世经验,完善统治方式与手段,驾驭群臣自有法度。终其一朝,使康熙末年吏治松弛等种种弊端多有转变,为乾隆朝登上封建社会的最后一个顶峰奠定了坚实的基础。应该说如此种种均和雍正帝本人勤于读书、善于思考息息相关。
《雍正帝读书像》绘写他端坐于锦垫之上,手捧书卷,默默沉思,仿佛在体味书中三昧。此类读书坐像构图最早见于康熙时期,之后成为一种固定的布局模式延续到晚清。故宫清代宫廷绘画藏品中,雍正帝、乾隆帝、嘉庆帝、道光帝、同治帝均有构图相似的肖像存世。
--------Introduction in English--------
"Yongzheng Emperor's Reading Portrait" axis, Qing Dynasty, court painters, silk, color, 171.3 cm vertical, 156.5 cm horizontal.
In the early Qing Dynasty, three emperors, Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong, were able to achieve commendable political achievements, which were closely related to their good education at an early age. In order to ensure the teaching quality of the emperors, the emperor chose Confucian officials with full stomachs of classical texts as masters of the emperors, and often personally supervised the emperors. The princes studied Manchu, Chinese, Mongolian and History, as well as horseback riding, archery and other military training subjects. It is precisely because of the superior educational environment beyond ordinary people, together with the efforts of the princes themselves, that they often have good cultural literacy.
Emperor Yongzheng has always attached great importance to reading since his childhood. After he reached the pole, he held a banquet and continued to study continuously. He is familiar with classics, Confucianism and Buddhism, can absorb the experience of previous generations, improve the way and means of governance, and control the law of the ministers themselves. At the end of the dynasty, many malpractices such as the slack administration of officials in the late Kangxi period were changed, which laid a solid foundation for the Qianlong Dynasty to reach the last peak of feudal society. It should be said that all these are closely related to Emperor Yongzheng's diligence in reading and thinking.
The Yongzheng Emperor's Reading Portrait depicts him sitting on a brocade mat, holding a book in his hand and meditating silently, as if he was enjoying the samadhi in the book. This kind of composition of reading and sitting pictures first appeared in the Kangxi period, and then became a fixed layout pattern which lasted to the late Qing Dynasty. In the palace painting collection of the Qing Dynasty, Yongzheng Emperor, Qianlong Emperor, Jiaqing Emperor, Daoguang Emperor and Tongzhi Emperor all have similar portraits.