2017年西方艺术品拍卖依作品种类划分占比（制图 张海宁）
近几年，中国的艺术品市场飞速发展，作为分支的影像艺术也随之抢滩，占据市场一席之地。各种各样的影像展出现在大众眼前，改变了大众对影像艺术的固有思维，为参观者提供了视觉感官的独特体验。
用20年时间打入世界市场
近10年，影像艺术在中国高速发展，并正式挺进现代艺术殿堂，让大众和市场充满了信心与期待。
其实早在上世纪80年代后期，“观念艺术”就兴起，先锋艺术家们开始尝试使用摄影作为媒介创作作品。并且，摄影艺术开始融入当代艺术。2000年前后，中国影像艺术逐渐吸引了国际学术界的注意。2003年中国第一家摄影画廊成立，2004年巫鸿策划的“过去与未来：中国新影像”大展，引发了当代观念摄影热，同时期，先锋艺术家开始参加国外前卫影像展和艺术展。
后来，观念摄影出现了商业化甚至娱乐化的倾向，走向市场，进入拍卖会，引起了资本的关注，并在国际市场上逐渐兴盛。
摄影真正作为独立的艺术门类进行专场拍卖是在2006年。当年11月23日，在北京王府饭店举行的拍卖会上，共132件摄影作品上拍，64%的拍品成交，总成交额为256万元。其中被广为传播的“希望工程”的标志作品《大眼睛》以30.8万元成交，成为全场最贵照片。创办于2006年的华辰影像拍卖，也是目前国内知名度较高的影像艺术品交易平台之一，其年交易额在2011年就突破了千万元的关口，并以每年30%的速度增长，在2014年达到最高点2500万元后，一直稳定在1500万元以上。
相比于当代艺术作品的昂贵价格，摄影作品以相对亲民的价格，短短几年间就成为收藏爱好者的新领域。作为最年轻的收藏类别，成交总量逐年递增。同时，当代影像艺术品创作内容和形式更为丰富，技法也越来越好。中国影像艺术品市场蕴藏着巨大的发展能量。
但值得注意的是，摄影拍品占据西方拍卖收入的2%，其在中国艺术品市场中的占比却很低。
周璇：影像中的人生（1957张） 1930-1950年代
中西方不同的艺术人生
摄影作为21世纪最具象征意义的媒介之一，已不再是小心翼翼地装裱在白卡纸后面的一张张照片，而是自信满满地走进博物馆、美术馆和画廊，悬挂在绘画和雕塑旁。自1971年苏富比在英国伦敦举行首场影像专场拍卖会以来，摄影作品的投资价值得到越来越多藏家的认同。
曾有统计数据显示，在1990年7月至2008年1月的包括油画、雕塑、当代艺术品和战后艺术品等十大收藏品类别中，影像作品的市场涨幅位居第一，同时也跑赢了全球艺术品综合价格指数。Artprice2017年度艺术品市场报告也显示，大部分版画和纸上绘画成交价均在1000美元以下（分别为66%和55%），而售价1000美元到5000美元的雕塑和摄影作品却比其他品类多。
在西方国家，摄影是继油画、雕塑之外的第三大艺术形式，摄影艺术与市场表现都非常成熟，单幅作品拍到几百万美元是常见现象。比如，摄影作品《牛仔》在纽约拍出124.8万美元，摄影作品《池塘月影》拍出292.8万美元，《99美分II》与《莱茵河II》分别拍出334.4万美元、430万美元。
而在中国，最高身价的艺术家作品也还停留在几十万元人民币的级别，上拍摄影作品的均价为14万元左右。2011年华辰秋拍中，记录民国影星代表人物周璇的《周璇：影像中的人生(1957张)》以218.5万元成交，这组照片的成交价创下中国摄影作品的最高拍卖纪录。
国内摄影市场近几年的上升趋势不容忽视，但中国摄影收藏体系的构建才刚刚开始。从数据上看，中国摄影市场的交易体量小，美国摄影拍卖市场整体产值近乎中国市场的40倍。其中一个重要原因是西方摄影与中国摄影艺术不在一个语境上。在西方国家，纪实摄影与观念摄影并行，注重的是摄影的艺术价值。在中国，引领风骚的还是老照片和纪实类的摄影，更注重作品的稀缺性与历史价值。这意味着中国在影像收藏这条路上还有巨大的潜能和空间。
以“影像上海”为例，这个亚太地区较具影响力的影像艺术平台之一，今年迎来了5周年庆。“影像上海”在这几年间运作得风生水起，对亚洲艺术影像市场起到了至关重要的推动作用。从2014年第一届“影像上海”举办至今，已有70多个影像展览在中国举办。到场观众也从2014年第一届的2万人，发展到2017年第四届的3.3万人，增长率达64%。
大眼睛
时代的瓶颈和活力
影像作为众多传播媒介中的一员，其信息承载量、视觉冲击力、艺术表现力、心灵震撼力、记忆保持期比别的媒介更突出。技术的普及降低了创作的门槛，扩大了创作对象和创作者梯队，在后现代主义背景下，它提供给艺术家更多创作可能性和合理性。同时，呼应着技术的进步，影像艺术逐渐呈现出多媒体和互动趋势。比如，青年艺术家陆扬的作品大多具有影像装置的特点，以3D动画和扫描等技术手段，混合了解剖学、神经学科、宗教等多重元素，制造出光怪陆离的想象世界。
影像艺术有着显而易见的特殊性——时间性，这使得观众的体验受到作品所处时代的极大影响，但同时，也为艺术家的创作带来新的空间——影像艺术所依托的设备载体随着时间和技术的变化而变化，这一特质使影像艺术成为记录时代的日志。
其实，最早关注和收藏中国影像艺术的，是海外艺术机构。1998年，纽约现代艺术博物馆就为艺术家张培力做了个展，播放该馆之前收藏的张培力作品《进食》。如今，私人美术馆在国内发展迅速，影像艺术作为价格较低的年轻收藏类别，无疑是这些私人美术馆的不错选择,这赋予了未来影像市场较大的可能性。
In 2017, the proportion of Western art auction was divided according to the type of works (drawing Zhang Haining). In recent years, China's art market has developed rapidly, and image art, as a branch, has also grabbed the beach and occupied a place in the market. Various image exhibitions appear in front of the public, changing the inherent thinking of the public on image art and providing visitors with a unique visual sensory experience. It took 20 years to enter the world market. In the past 10 years, image art has developed rapidly in China and officially entered the palace of modern art, which has filled the public and the market with confidence and expectation. In fact, as early as the late 1980s, "conceptual art" rose, and pioneer artists began to try to use photography as a medium to create works. Moreover, the art of photography began to integrate into contemporary art. Around 2000, Chinese image art gradually attracted the attention of international academic circles. In 2003, China's first photography gallery was established. In 2004, the exhibition "past and future: China's new images" planned by Wu Hong triggered a fever for contemporary conceptual photography. At the same time, pioneer artists began to participate in foreign avant-garde image exhibitions and art exhibitions. Later, concept photography appeared the tendency of commercialization and even entertainment, went to the market and entered the auction, which attracted the attention of capital and gradually flourished in the international market. Photography was really auctioned as an independent art category in 2006. On November 23 of that year, at the auction held at Beijing Wangfu Hotel, a total of 132 photographic works were taken, 64% of which were sold, with a total turnover of 2.56 million yuan. Among them, the widely spread logo work of "Project Hope" big eyes was sold for 308000 yuan, becoming the most expensive photo in the audience. Founded in 2006, Huachen image auction is also one of the well-known image art trading platforms in China. Its annual trading volume exceeded the threshold of 10 million yuan in 2011 and increased by 30% every year. After reaching the highest point of 25 million yuan in 2014, it has been stable at more than 15 million yuan. Compared with the high price of contemporary art works, photography has become a new field for collection lovers in just a few years at a relatively people-friendly price. As the youngest collection category, the total transaction volume is increasing year by year. At the same time, the content and form of contemporary image art creation are richer and the techniques are better and better. China's image art market contains huge development energy. However, it is worth noting that photography accounts for 2% of the auction revenue in the west, but its share in the Chinese art market is very low. Zhou Xuan: life in images (1957) different artistic life between China and the West in the 1930s and 1950s. As one of the most symbolic media in the 21st century, photography is no longer a photo carefully mounted behind white cardboard, but confidently walks into museums, art galleries and galleries and hangs next to paintings and sculptures. Since Sotheby's held its first special image auction in London in 1971, the investment value of photographic works has been recognized by more and more collectors. According to statistics, among the top ten collection categories from July 1990 to January 2008, including oil painting, sculpture, contemporary art and post-war art, the market growth of image works ranked first, and also outperformed the comprehensive price index of global art. Artprice's 2017 art market report also shows that the transaction prices of most prints and Paper paintings are below $1000 (66% and 55% respectively), while there are more sculptures and photographic works priced from $1000 to $5000 than other categories. In western countries, photography is the third largest art form after oil painting and sculpture. Photography art and market performance are very mature. It is a common phenomenon that a single work is photographed for millions of dollars. For example, the photography "cowboy" sold for $1.248 million in New York, the photography "pond moon shadow" sold for $2.928 million, and the photography "99 cents II" and "Rhine II" sold for $3.344 million and $4.3 million respectively. In China, the works of artists with the highest value are still at the level of hundreds of thousands of yuan, and the average price of photographic works is about 140000 yuan. In the autumn auction of Huachen in 2011, Zhou Xuan: life in images (1957 pieces), which recorded the representative of film star Zhou Xuan of the Republic of China, sold for 2.185 million yuan. The transaction price of this group of photos set the highest auction record of Chinese photographic works. The rising trend of the domestic photography market in recent years can not be ignored, but the construction of China's photography collection system has just begun. From the data, the transaction volume of China's photography market is small, and the overall output value of the American Photography auction market is nearly 40 times that of China's market. One of the important reasons is that Western photography and Chinese photography art are not in the same context. In western countries, documentary photography and conceptual photography go hand in hand, focusing on the artistic value of photography. In China, old photos and documentary photography still lead the trend, paying more attention to the scarcity and historical value of works. This means that China still has great potential and space on the road of image collection. Take "image Shanghai" as an example, one of the more influential image art platforms in the Asia Pacific region, has celebrated its fifth anniversary this year. "Image Shanghai" has been operating well in recent years, which has played a vital role in promoting the Asian art image market. Since the first "image Shanghai" held in 2014, more than 70 image exhibitions have been held in China. The audience also increased from 20000 in the first session of 2014 to 33000 in the fourth session of 2017, with a growth rate of 64%. The bottleneck and vitality of the era of big eyes. As a member of many media, image has more prominent information carrying capacity, visual impact, artistic expression, spiritual shock and memory retention than other media. The popularization of technology has reduced the threshold of creation and expanded the ranks of creative objects and creators. Under the background of postmodernism, it provides artists with more creative possibilities and rationality. At the same time, echoing the progress of technology, image art gradually presents the trend of multimedia and interaction. For example, most of the works of young artist Lu Yang have the characteristics of imaging devices. By means of 3D animation, scanning and other technical means, they combine multiple elements such as anatomy, neurology and religion to create a bizarre imaginary world. Image art has an obvious particularity - timeliness, which makes the audience's experience greatly affected by the era in which the works are located, but at the same time, it also brings new space for artists' creation - the equipment carrier relied on by image art changes with the change of time and technology, which makes image art a log of the times. In fact, overseas art institutions were the first to pay attention to and collect Chinese image art. In 1998, the Museum of modern art in New York made a solo exhibition for artist Zhang Peili, showing Zhang Peili's work eating, which was previously collected by the museum. Nowadays, private art galleries are developing rapidly in China. As a young collection category with low price, image art is undoubtedly a good choice for these private art galleries, which gives greater possibilities to the image market in the future.
